Defence diplomacy has gained attention in the past decades. Hence, Indonesia also developed its defence for achieving strategic interests. In Indonesia’s diplomacy, bilateral forms have dominated practice of joint exercises with partners. However, under Yudhoyono administration 2014, hosted first multilateral exercise, Multilateral Naval Exercise Komodo (MNEK), which aimed at facilitating engag...

Field Editor: D. Jennings We examine the antecedents and outcomes of new ventures' formation of multilateral R&D alliances. Our results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between market uncertainty and a new venture's likelihood of forming multilateral R&D alliances. Top management team's social capital and ventures' technological capabilities are critical for new ventures to identify and c...

Why do governments choose multilateralism? We examine a principalagent model in which states trade some control over the policy for greater burden sharing. The theory generates observable hypotheses regarding the reasons for and the patterns of support and opposition to multilateralism. To focus our study, we analyze support for bilateral and multilateral foreign aid giving in the US. Using new...

The paper studies contracting between one principal and N agents in the presence of multilateral externalities. When the principal commits to publicly observed bilateral contracts, inefficiencies arise due to the externalities on agents’ reservation utilities. In contrast, when the principal’s offers are privately observed, inefficiencies are due to the externalities at efficient outcomes. When...