Birth weight is an indicator of prenatal development associated with health in infancy and childhood, and may be affected by the family environment experienced by the mother during pregnancy. Using data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we explore the importance of the mother's access to the father and grandparents of the child during pregnancy. Controlling for household socio-economic indicato...

Demographic characteristics, family financial strain, neighborhood-level economic disadvantage, and state of residence were tested as predictors of observed warmth, hostility, and self-reported marital quality. Participants were 202 married African American couples who resided in a range of neighborhood contexts. Neighborhood-level economic disadvantage predicted lower warmth during marital int...

BACKGROUND The diversity of the Swedish population has increased substantially over the past three decades. The aim of this study was to assess whether living in an ethnic enclave is associated with risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) among first and second-generation immigrants and native Swedes. METHODS Cumulative incidence of DM in three urban municipalities was assessed from 2006-2010 by linki...

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira sp. and carried rats as the main source of transmission through its urine. Risk factors for sufferer are condition activity daily individuals. Probolinggo Regency became one regencies/cities in East Java that had been infected 20 January 2020 case amounted to 4 2 which died. This research aims illustrate characteristics, behaviors, enviro...

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of cognitive decline in older adults living alone local communities and find nursing methods by area residence. Methods: The participants were 164 people for 12 years. data analyzed using a generalized estimating equations method. Results: following identified as statistically significant predictors that increased alone: 1) rural areas: age...

Estuaries exhibit a large range in their responses to nitrogen loadings determined in part by characteristics of the driver, such as magnitude and frequency, but also by such intrinsic characteristics as physical/chemical factors (e.g., depth, volume, hypsometry, salinity, turbidity) and biological factors (e.g., nature of ecological communities, trophic interactions). To address the richness o...

This study reports the stages of change in smoking cessation in a representative sample of Korean adult smokers. The study subjects, all adult smokers (n=2,422), were recruited from the second Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2001. The stages of change were categorized using demographic (age and sex), socioeconomic (education, residence, and household income),...