The analysis of the gas in a single expirate has long been used to estimate the degree of ventilation-perfusion (Va/Q) inequality in the lung. To further validate this estimate, we examined three measures of Va/Q inhomogeneity calculated from a single full exhalation in nine anesthetized mongrel dogs under control conditions and after exposure to aerosolized methacholine. These measurements wer...

(-)-Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is an active ingredient that is extracted from the rind of the Indian fruit, Garcinia cambogia, which is available as an herbal supplement and is used to lose weight. In this study, the acute and chronic effects of HCA on energy metabolism were examined in male Std ddY mice. Mice were placed into metabolic chambers and administered 10 mg HCA or water (control) orally. S...

An improved procedure is described for isolation of rat heart mitochondria, which yields tightly coupled preparations with higher respiratory rates and capacity for respiration-coupled accumulation of Ca2+ than reported earlier. These mitochondria, respiring on succinate, accumulate Ca2+ at rates approaching 500 ng ions min-’ mg-‘, with Ca’+/site activation and accumulation ratios (number Ca” a...

Objective: Very recent studies have reported positive effects of dietary nitrate on the oxygen consumption during exercise. This research aimed to study the effect of moderate dose of high-nitrate vegetables, watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and red radish (Raphanus sativus) compared with a control group on the incremental treadmill exercise test following a standard Bruce protocol controlled...

This study is the first, to our knowledge, directly compare cardiopulmonary and metabolic physiology during hemodialysis, intradialytic exercise, interdialytic exercise. Hemodialysis was associated with increased respiratory exchange ratio, blunted minute ventilation, impaired O 2 uptake extraction. We also identified a reduced ventilatory response exercise compared Impaired arterial-venous dif...

OBJECTIVES Venovenous extracorporeal gas exchange is increasingly used in awake, spontaneously breathing patients as a bridge to lung transplantation. Limited data are available on a similar use of extracorporeal gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of extracorporeal gas exchange in awake, spontaneously breathing she...

The ventilatory response to CO(2) (S) and respiratory exchange ratio have been measured in 10 healthy subjects breathing naturally and through added resistive loads. The changes in these values produced by the added loads were shown to be correlated with the unloaded CO(2) responsiveness. The results indicated that poorly responsive individuals had a greater depression of ventilatory response t...

BACKGROUND Daily routine ventilator-filter exchange interrupts the integrity of the ventilator circuit. We hypothesized that this might reduce positive airway pressure in mechanically ventilated ICU patients, inducing alveolar collapse and causing impaired oxygenation and compliance of the respiratory system. METHODS We studied 40 consecutive ICU subjects (P(aO2)/F(IO2) ratio ≤ 300 mm Hg), me...