A relational structure is called reversible iff every bijective endomorphism of that an automorphism. We characterize property in the class disconnected binary structures, and one its subclasses—posets are disjoint union chains. Also, using concept a monotone function from structures preordered by monomorphism into well founded relation, we detect additional classes posets. further give equival...

Whether reversibility in airway obstruction with beta-adrenergic stimulant is a significant determinant for the outcome was tested in 59 patients with pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis. During four years of follow-up, 43 (73 percent) patients survived and 16 (27 percent) died. Initial VC. FVC, FEV1, and PaO2 were significantly smaller, and PaCO2 was significantly larger in nonsurvivors...

The perception of breathlessness is a subject-related factor which is linked to respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight. We studied the distribution of breathlessness, its association with respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight, as well as its association with lung function, reversibility of airway obstruction ("reversibility") and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability...

New convolution-based multiple-stream error-control coding and decoding schemes are introduced. The new coding method applies the reversibility property in the convolution-based encoder for multiple-stream error-control encoding and implements the reversibility property in the new reversible Viterbi decoding algorithm for multiple-stream error-correction decoding. The complete design of quantum...

2 The classical networks 186 2.1 Main results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 2.2 Stationarity and reversibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 2.3 Homogeneous nodes of Kelly type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2.4 Symmetric nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 2.5 Quasi-reversibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

While one-dimensional cellular automata have been well studied, there are relatively few results about multidimensional cellular automata; the investigation of cellular automata defined on Cayley trees constitutes an intermediate class. This paper studies the reversibility of linear cellular automata defined on Cayley trees with periodic boundary condition, where the local rule is given by f(x0...

Session-based communication has gained a widespread acceptance in practice as a means for developing safe communicating systems via structured interactions. In this paper, we investigate how these structured interactions are affected by reversibility, which provides a computational model allowing executed interactions to be undone. In particular, we provide a systematic study of the integration...

Economic and financial time series frequently exhibit time irreversible dynamics. For instance, there is considerable evidence of asymmetric fluctuations in many macroeconomic and financial variables, and certain game theoretic models of price determination predict asymmetric cycles in price series. In this paper, we make two primary contributions to the econometric literature on time reversibi...