• Each table in the database has one column and stores the possible values for a ground fluent term. •Whenever there is complete knowledge about the term, the corresponding table has exactly one row. E.g., the ground fluent term door has only one possible value (Closed ) and so the table for door has exactly one row: Closed. •Whenever there is incomplete knowledge, the table has more than one r...

paper, we attempt to reconstruct the sitcalculus on a dense flow of time. The

Multivariate reward processes with reward functions of constant rates, defined on a semi-Markov process, first were studied by Masuda and Sumita, 1991. Reward processes with nonlinear reward functions were introduced in Soltani, 1996. In this work we study a multivariate process , , where are reward processes with nonlinear reward functions respectively. The Laplace transform of the covar...

Until recently, propositions on the subject of intelligent service companions, like robots, were mostly user and environment independent. Our work is part of the FUI-RoboPopuli project, which concentrates on endowing entertainment companion robots with adaptive and social behavior. More precisely, we focus on the capacity of an intelligent system to learn how to personalize and adapt its behavi...

Human empathy is not merely a resonance with others' physical condition, but is modulated by social factors. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study demonstrated an increased brain empathic response to others in pain when they received no rather than a large reward, with increments of the ACC, aMCC, insula and postcentral gyrus in the pain matrix and temporoparietal junct...

In recent years, learning on smartphones has becomes a significant trend in education. The educational mobile app, Practi, provides a platform that can let students practice their knowledge of math and science. Practi gives students reward points when they finish a course or solve a question to encourage them to keep using the app. Students can use these reward points to redeem in-app items. Ho...

Addiction represents a complex interaction between the reward and stress neural circuits, with increasing drug use reflecting a shift from positive reinforcement to negative reinforcement mechanisms in sustaining drug dependence. Preclinical studies have indicated the involvement of regions within the extended amygdala as subserving this transition, especially under stressful conditions. In the...

Contrary to the interests of parsimony in theory construction, an increasing number of experiments have shown that the reinforcing effect of a given amount of reward is not a static parameter; rather, the conception that emerges from these studies is that the reinforcing effect depends upon the context in which that reward quantity occurs; in particular, it depends upon the range of alternative...

Two investigations have been carried out. The first studied the effects of autonomic blockade on the cardiovascular response to a step test, a 50% maximum isometric grip test and a Valsalva manoeuvre: the step test was of 5 minutes duration and the other two for as long as possible. beta adrenergic blockade by propanolol diminished the blood pressure and pulse rate response to both the step tes...

As first described by Aristotle, honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers show a strong tendency to visit flowers of only one type during a foraging trip. It is known that workers rapidly learn a flower colour when rewarded with artificial nectar (sucrose solution). However, some previous studies report that the degree of constancy after training is unaffected by reward quantity and quality when bees...