Belowground symptoms of sugar beet caused by the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii include the development of compensatory secondary roots and beet deformity, which, thus far, could only be assessed by destructively removing the entire root systems from the soil. Similarly, the symptoms of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot (RCRR) caused by infections of the soil-borne basidiomycete Rhi...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most popular vegetables in many regions of the world. Pulses are important sources of protein for vegetarian population. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) commonly known as gram is an important pulse crop. In Tunisia, the cultivated area and production have significant instability and decrease, the chickpea crop was affected by biotic and abiotic constrai...

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants recently introduced to Egyptian cultivation and has significant multiusing in human curing. Fusarium oxysporum, F. roseum, semitectum, solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated from infected plants, showing root stem rot symptoms collected different localiti...

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) belongs to the solanaceae family. It is a major vegetable crop grown on wide scale in Asia. Nearly 20% of Pakistan's total producing land utilized for cultivating chili. Various plant pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and nematodes are responsible causing diseases chili crop. Among fungal diseases, root rot an important disease which caused by Rhizoctonia s...