Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease associated with animal exhibits have been reported with increasing frequency. Transmission can occur through contact with contaminated haircoats, bedding, farm structures, or water. We investigated the distribution and survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the immediate environments of individually housed, experimentally inoculated cattle by systematically...

We present embeddings of generalized ladders as subgraphs into the hypercube. By embedding caterpillars into ladders, we obtain embeddings of caterpillars into the hypercube. In this way we obtain almost all known results concerning the em-beddings of caterpillars into the hypercube. In addition we construct embeddings for some new types of caterpillars.

Many pet owners, breeders and pet retailers favor wood chips as pet bedding for a variety of reasons. Most wood chips are inexpensive and depending on the wood used, wood chips can provide natural insecticidal, bactericidal or bacteriostatic properties. Such bedding can often kill or inhibit the spread of fleas, mites or other pests, and the resins and other aromatic chemicals emitted by the ch...

The marble burying test is a simple behavioral psychopharmacology task in which rodents, especially rats and mice, are exposed to glass marbles laying on thick bedding materials. This test has been widely used to assess the effects of a variety of psychoactive drugs. Although the marble burying test clearly reflects drug efficacy, many aspects of the behavior itself remain unclear. In the prese...

Sand bedding material is frequently used in dairy operations to reduce the occurrence of mastitis and enhance cow comfort. One objective of this work was to determine if sand-based bedding also supported the microbiologically based suppression of an introduced bacterial pathogen. Bedding samples were collected in summer, fall, and winter from various locations within a dairy operation and teste...

Abstract Both igneous and sedimentary rocks affected by water–rock interaction commonly form rhythmic Fe‐oxide bands that provide information on palaeo‐groundwater. This study investigated the formation of banded patterns concentrically concretions from Jurassic Navajo Sandstone (United States) claystone ‘zebra rock’ Neoproterozoic Johnny Cake Shale Member (Western Australia). Micro‐X‐ray fluor...

This study was designed to examine the characteristics of sawdust and cocopeat bedding materials, including physicochemical properties (Exp. I) and on-farm trial (Exp. II). In Exp. I, the proportion of particle size was in the order of sawdust> cocopeat India>cocopeat Vietnam (p<0.05), and cocopeat contained higher proportion of small particles (250 μm+below 250 μm) than sawdust, causing a dust...

Received: August 15, 2016 Revised: January 11, 2017 Accepted: February 14, 2017 Abstract: Background: Since the fragile anisotropy of shale, it is difficult to carry out laboratory experiments of geostress by shale cores. The existing geostress calculation model that is based on the homogeneous hypothesis also cannot meet the accuracy requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the new...