This study was conducted to explore organic and conventional dairy farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management, and to examine relationships between farm and farmer characteristics, risk perceptions, and strategies. The data originate from a survey of conventional (n = 363) and organic (n = 162) dairy farmers in Norway. Organic farmers had the least risk averse perceptions. Institutional a...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. Awareness and perception of risk of TB could influence early detection, diagnosis and care seeking at treatment centers. However, perceptions about TB are influenced by sources of information. AIM This study aimed to determine the association between multiple sources of information, and perceptions of ris...

Computer representation of human knowledge must be approached using the human ability to assign different meanings to information according to our perceptions, which at the same time are constructed and constitute the interpretative context in which possible meanings acquire varying degrees of validity. This work proposes that humans construct our perceptions based on the context of our past ex...

Applying the generalised extension principle within the area of Computing with Words typically leads to complex maximisation problems. If distributed quantities—such as, e.g., size distributions within human populations—are considered, density functions representing these distributions become involved. Very often the optimising density functions do not resemble those found in nature; for instan...

OBJECTIVES We observed how perceptions of risks, costs, crime rewards, and violence exposure change as individual gun-carrying behavior changes among high-risk adolescents. METHODS We analyzed a longitudinal study (2000-2010) of serious juvenile offenders in Maricopa County, Arizona, or Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, assessing within-person changes in risk and reward perceptions, and viol...

Researchers have long recognized the importance of understanding corporate risk disclosures and conducted empirical studies to investigate various research questions. This dissertation particularly focuses on investigating the impact of these textual risk disclosures on post-disclosure risk perceptions of investors. The objective of this dissertation is two-fold. Firstly, we aim to design an au...

OBJECTIVES Influenza is a significant worldwide public health issue. Knowledge and perceptions regarding the flu vaccination are associated with whether individuals obtain the vaccination. The purpose of this study was to examine how such perceptions were related to knowledge and self-efficacy regarding influenza and the flu vaccination in Vietnam and the US. METHODS College students (n=932) ...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess which parenting behaviors, perceptions, and risk factors were associated with optimal versus delayed development. METHODS A total of 382 families from the national Brigance Infant and Toddler Screens standardization and validation study participated. Data sources included parent questionnaires, child testing, and examiner observations of parent-c...

The majority of cognitive models used in HIV prevention identify risk perception as essential, and the first step towards safer sexual behaviors. Yet, previous studies have rarely examined risk perceptions as an outcome variable, and the few that have, limited their analysis to individual-level determinants. Conspicuously missing in the literature is how school/community level factors affect ri...

Are state laws, regulatory practices, and allocation of public resources for enforcement reflected in perceptions by bar owners/managers that they will be cited or sued if they fail to exercise care? Among policies, which ones have the greatest impact on risk perceptions and, in turn, on such behaviors? We used data on laws, law enforcement, and regulations in the same areas as the bars to dete...