in this research paper, we applied rituals of social drama processes to find out symbols, decoding and signs in the manegh-al-tair. in our analysis we discovered that birds, instead of humans, are acting as players in the social stage. each of these birds possess some particular characteristics and social statuses, which are attributed to the humans who lived in the attar time (age). to offer m...

The UNESCO convention definition of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) covers religious practices and rites, as can be seen from normative descriptions dozens actual examples, many which are Catholic traditions. Traditional Latin Mass (TLM), practiced in one form or another for over 1500 years by an ever-increasing number peoples nations possession a common stable set rules, meets the criteria ...

marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to zoroastrianism. there have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient iran. what have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. totemism is an ancient ...

It is quite likely that the origins of prayer are to be found in ancient mourning and bereavement rites. Primeval ritual prayer was codified and handed down socially to become a deep-rooted feature of people‟s cultural behavior, so much so, that it may surface again several years later, in the face of death, danger, need, even in the case of relapse from faith and religious practice. Modes of p...