The process of urbanization takes up a lot of wetlands, profoundly changing the natural connection of surrounding river–lake systems, all the while causing serious damage to the environment of connected catchments. Urban systems and river–lake systems are not isolated and static, there is a relation between them which is constantly changing. Based on the idea of system research, the urban syste...

[1] Distributional analysis of river discharge time series is an important task in many areas of hydrological engineering, including optimal design of water storage and drainage networks, management of extreme events, risk assessment for water supply, and environmental flow management, among many others. Having diverging moments, heavy-tailed power law distributions have attracted widespread at...

River flow is driven by along-channel pressure gradients and is modified by complex bathymetry that induces secondary flow. Riverine turbulence can be generated and enhanced by flow over sharp bathymetric features, obstructions, and bedforms, which produce macro-turbulent structures [1]. Understanding these details of river flow is challenging, yet important for their direct effects on sediment...

In recent years, new ideas and techniques appear very quickly, like sustainability, adaptive management, Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing and participations of new stakeholders, which contribute a lot to the development of decision support systems in river basin management. However, the role of models still needs to be emphasized, especially for model-based decision support systems...

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) is a widely used software application for performing one-dimensional and two-dimensional steady and unsteady flow river hydraulics calculations, sediment transport-mobile bed modeling, and water quality analysis. User’s of HEC-RAS have often unique applications including the coupling with other sof...

Two dimensional water flow simulations are useful for engineering firms to model floods, river/reservoir behavior, and dam break scenarios. These models allow us to estimate the consequences of such events, which can determine the allocation of funds towards high-risk areas. Much of the work in flood modeling still uses one-dimensional solutions, which model the river as a series of cross-secti...

_ _________________________ Introduction. ________________________ Acknowledgments ___ _ _______________ Geography and geology __ ____________ Gubik Formation. ____________________ History __ ______________________ Mineralogy ______________________ Fossils ___ ______________________ Subdivision of the Gubik Formation. Skull Cliff unit_______________ Locality descriptions ______ Skull Cliff_____...