The lining structure of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) excavated tunnels is composed of series of precast Reinforced Concrete (RC) pieces which are called segment. At the present paper, a novel method is introduced for seismic retrofitting of segmental tunnels located at active fault zones in rock environment with case study of Amirkabir dam to Tehran water transfer tunnel (Karadj tunnel). The mai...

Tunnel portal sections always suffer serious damage under strong earthquakes. This paper aims to study the seismic performance of lining strengthening method in soft rock section by employing model test. Firstly, shaking table test considering cases, modified input motions, boundary condition, and monitoring equipment are conducted simulate response tunnel section. Then, increasing concrete gra...

Tissue infiltration of macrophages, although critical for innate immunity, is also involved in pathologies, such as chronic inflammation and cancer. In vivo, macrophages migrate mostly in a constrained three-dimensional (3D) environment. However, in vitro studies, mainly focused on two dimensions, do not provide meaningful clues about the mechanisms involved in 3D macrophage migration. In contr...

[1] Mechanical models examine deformation within eight different structural cross sections proposed by Davis et al. [1989] and Shaw and Suppe [1996] along a northeastsouthwest transect across the Los Angeles Basin, California. Horizontal contraction of the models, constrained by geodetic measurements, yields varying dip-slip rates along frictionally sliding faults within the different cross sec...

Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) Test is a fast and accurate three-point bending test, which was originally used in rock mechanics. SCB test is going to be an accepted test method for asphalt concrete pavements. Different asphalt-mixture property-values such as tensile strength, stress intensity factor and fatigue can be obtained by this test. In this study, static and dynamic tests including SCB te...

based on the standards for design of structures, any structure should be designated for seismic loads and any combinations containing seismic loads. for spectral analysis of a structure, the site effect is taken into account by considering its effects on the design spectra. because of different lateral and vertical stiffness of the soil layers underneath the structure, the design spectra are di...

In this study, we proposed a fabric-enriched Continuum Damage Mechanics model to investigate the coupled influence of damage and healing on the mechanical and transport properties of salt rock. In order to infer the form of fabric tensors, we carried out creep tests on granular salt assemblies under constant temperature and humidity conditions and used microcomputed tomography for microstructur...

background : previous studies have investigated different effects of muscle fatigue on body systems. however, there are no reports on the effect of fatigue protocol and its level on musculotendinous stiffness (mts) of the tricep-surae. this study was designed to compare the effects of 2 levels of submaximal fatigue contraction on mts of triceps-surae. methods: twenty female students by simple r...