Abstract Tick control tubes are a host‐targeted tick method targeting immature Ixodes scapularis ticks attached to mice or found within mouse burrows and nests. contain permethrin‐treated cotton inside cardboard that use as nesting material. Ticks present in their exposed the treated cotton. However, there have been variable results using these for control. Rodent visitation of may influence ef...

In the 1970s, R.D. Alexander attempted to explain the apparent absence of eusociality in vertebrates by describing a mythical creature with all the traits needed for eusociality: probably a rodent, it would live a cooperative existence constructing an expandable nest in a safe subterranean environment, exploiting a large, almost risk-free food source [1]. Unknown to Alexander at the time, he ha...

Activities of burrowing herbivores, including movement of soil and litter and deposition of waste material, can alter the distribution of labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil, affecting spatial patterning of nutrient dynamics in ecosystems where they are abundant. Their role in ecosystem processes in surface soil has been studied extensively, but effects of burrowing species on processes ...

leishmaniasis has long been known as a significant public health challenge in many parts of iran. phlebotomus pa­patasi and p. sergent i are the vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and anthroponotic cutaneous leish­maniasis respectively, and 5 species of sand flies including p. kandelakii , p. neglectus , p. perfiliewi , p. keshishiani and p. alexandri are considered as probable vectors...

cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent tropical parasitic disease in the old world. the causative agentsare leishmanial parasites, which cause various forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. the infection is commonlylimited in immuno-competent individuals, but it can progress to a chronic and ulcerative disease in immunocompromised patients. the reservoirs are dogs and rodents and the vectors are dif...

On Tereia Island, Rangiroa Atoll, 14,321 land crab burrows were treated with the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis from January to June 1986, to control larvae of Aedes polynesiensis marks. In October 1987, the entire island of Tereia was retreated (17,300 burrows), and the neighboring island, Voisin, was left untreated as a control. From 5 to 15 mo after treatment, burrows with M. aspericornis ...

The gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus Daudin, is endemic to the southeastern US, where its populations are declining primarily due to habitat destruction. Tortoises are preyed upon by many species, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, a destructive exotic species now common throughout the tortoises’ entire range. We surveyed ants using tuna bait at 154 G. polyphemus...

Flies in the family Corethrellidae Edwards 1932 (Diptera) are known to be attracted to the mating calls of male frogs. For the first time, the hosts of corethrellids were identified to species by analyzing bloodmeals taken from resting female flies. A portion of the cytochrome b gene was amplified and sequenced from blood-engorged flies using vertebrate-specific primers. The flies were collecte...

Essentially known from dental remains, the species Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) is widely recorded in Lower Miocene sites, notably localities of Elisabethfeld, Grillental and Langental (Namib Desert, Namibia). On basis morphology, this belongs to Bathyergidae, an extant family represented by mole rats, which developed a fossorial, predominantly subterranean...

Water uptake by mangrove trees can result in salt accumulation in sediment around roots, negatively influencing growth. Tidal pumping facilitates salt release and can be enhanced by crab burrows. Similarly, flushing of burrows by incoming tidal water decreases sediment salinity. In contrast to burrows with multiple entrances, the role of burrows with one opening for salinity reduction is largel...