The aim of this study was to provide detailed information on rationales, calculations, and results of common methods used to quantify reproducibility in plantar pressure variables. Recreational runners (N=95) performed multiple barefoot running trials in a laboratory setup, and pressure variables were analyzed in nine distinct subareas of the foot. Reproducibility was assessed by calculating in...

In this paper we present a characterization of those Wiener functionals that are the likelihood ratio for a 'signal plus independent noise' model. The characterization is expressed in terms of the representation of such functionals in a series of multiple Wiener integrals. Let {ys, 0 <s =z r} be a random process with measurable sample functions satisfying ] y, ] G K as. Let { Ws, 0 <s < T} be a...

PURPOSE To examine the variability of saccadic peak-velocity amplitude relationships in myasthenic and nonmyasthenic ocular palsies. METHODS The authors measured centrifugal saccades in nine patients with myasthenia gravis, nine patients with proven nonmyasthenic ocular palsies, and three normal subjects. Patients made repetitive saccades for 8 minutes. Saccades were analyzed at the start of ...

This study determines whether maximal voluntary ankle plantar flexor torque could be more accurately represented using a torque generator that is a function of both knee and ankle kinematics. Isovelocity and isometric ankle plantar flexor torques were measured on a single participant for knee joint angles of 111° to 169° (approximately full extension) using a Contrex MJ dynamometer. Maximal vol...

A multiple linear model was developed for individual tree crown width of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook in Fujian province, southeast China. Data were obtained from 55 sample plots of pure China-fir plantation stands. An Ordinary Linear Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to establish the crown width model. To adjust for correlations between observations from the same sample plots, we...

The present study aimed at analyzing and comparing longitudinally the EMG (electromyographic activity) of the superior orbicularis oris muscle according to the breathing mode. The sample, 38 adolescents with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with predominantly nose (PNB) or mouth (PMB) breathing, was evaluated at two different periods, with a two-year interval between them. For that purpos...

Weak electric fields modulate neuronal activity, and knowledge of the interaction threshold is important in the understanding of neuronal synchronization, in neural prosthetic design, and in the public health assessment of environmental extremely low frequency fields. Previous experimental measurements have placed the threshold between 1 and 5 mV/mm, although theory predicts that elongated neur...

The force exerted by a muscle is a function of the activation level and the maximum (tetanic) muscle force. In "maximum" voluntary knee extensions muscle activation is lower for eccentric muscle velocities than for concentric velocities. The aim of this study was to model this "differential activation" in order to calculate the maximum voluntary knee extensor torque as a function of knee angula...

X-ray absorption (or more properly, x-ray attenuation) techniques have been applied to study the moisture movement in and moisture content of materials like cement paste, mortar, and wood. An increase in the number of x-ray counts with time at a location in a specimen may indicate a decrease in moisture content. The uncertainty of measurements from an x-ray absorption system, which must be know...

Traditional three-dimensional gait analyses require the skilled palpation of anatomical landmarks to identify joint parameters and produce reliable joint kinematics. Functional methods have been developed to help improve the reliability and validity of identifying joint kinematic parameters. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a functional method could improve the between-day r...