We present a graph-theoretic model of discourse based on the Questions Under Discussion (QUD) framework. Questions and assertions are treated as edges connecting discourse states in a rooted graph, modeling the introduction and resolution of various QUDs as paths through this graph. The amount of common ground presupposed by interlocutors at any given point in a discourse corresponds to graphic...

root canal anatomy diversity and aberrations are common especially in permanent dentition. a thorough understanding of the basic root canal anatomy and its diversities are necessary for successful endodontic treatment. mandibular second premolars are usually single-rooted and have one root canal. incidence of three separate root canals in this tooth is quite rare and taurodontism with three sep...

Objectives: To compare time dependent value and potential for eff ectiveness of Hedstrom files alone facilitated with chloroform to retrieve the obturated material from root canals.Materials Methods: First premolars, single rooted teeth (n=20) were used. Root canals specimen following standard protocol, specimens incubated at 37º C one month in humid conditions an incubator. Re-treatment was pe...

Background: Many types of research have revealed that root canal anatomy differs by race and country based on various national populations, but no study has been conducted the UAE population. Objectives: Identifying most common morphology upper premolars in a group local non-local people UAE. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images 215 intact maxillary were analyzed. The Pearson Ch...

BACKGROUND Root canal preparation using rotary nickel-titanium instruments has been reported to be superior to hand instrumentation in terms of root canal shape, centring and frequency of procedural errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate canal preparations using a sequential silicone impression technique to assess root canal morphology. METHODS Pre-operative canal impressions were ...

In this study, we aimed to compare the buccal and palatal cusp fracture resistance of endodontically treated primary maxillary premolars with mesial-occlusal-distal cavity which was restored with composite resin by using different types of bonding adhesives. A hundred extracted double rooted human maxillary premolars were randomly separated into five groups in which 20 teeth were included in ea...

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars collected from an indigenous Saudi population. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 246 extracted teeth were collected and washed immediately after extraction then stored in 10% formalin solution. The teeth were debrided then dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and cleared by imme...