The point of view I take to summarize some of the research activities in Italy in the field of hadronic physics, is determined by the (today accepted) fundamental degrees of freedom of the strong interactions, namely quarks and gluons. The Sec. 2 is devoted to the link of the fundamental theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), with effective degrees of freedom often used to...

The climate change conference in Copenhagen last month went to the wire with no agreement emerging until late on the last day. Ahead of the meeting, President Obama was expected to make a significant financial commitment to a global climate protection fund rather than improve on his provisional offer of cutting emissions by 4 per cent on 990 levels by 2020. The final accord declared deep cuts i...

Introduction: Nowadays tendency to apply more degrees of freedom in high-tech radiotherapy systems, and consequent complex process to optimize dose calculation and delivery algorithms, is a challenge of radiation therapy optimization. Faster MLC speed, dose rate, Gantry angle variation, and other degrees, which have been utilized in IMRT, IMAT, VMAT, improved modulation of inte...

The article by Walker, H. W. Degrees of Freedom. Journal of Educational Psychology. 31(4) (1940) 253-269, was transcribed from the original by Chris Olsen, George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Chris has made every attempt to reproduce the "look and feel" of the article as well as the article itself, and did not attempt in any way to update the symbols to more "modern" notation. Th...