background: the most appropriate route of tranexamic acid administration is controversial. in the current study, we compared the efficacy of intravenous (iv) and topical intra-articular tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and transfusion rate in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. methods: one hundred twenty 120 patients were scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthro...

this paper addresses a multi-criteria decision based methodology to develop a road network cost function for route finding analysis in a geographic information system (gis). over the years, several studies relating to route planning process in gis and intelligent transportation systems (its) have been conducted, most of which rely on the use of one-dimensional variables like distance or time as...

stoichiometric tetragonal bal-xsrxtio3 (x = 0.23) nanopowders were prepared by stearic acid gel(sag) method using barium stearate, strontium stearate, tetrabutyl titanate as ba, sr, ti sourcesand stearic acid as complexing reagent. thermal analysis including differential thermogravimetric(dtg) and tg, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ftir), x-ray diffraction (xrd) andtransmission electr...

Dependence of within-die delay variations on power supply voltage (VDD) is measured down to 0.4 V. The VDD dependence of the within-die delay variation of manual layout and irregular auto place and route (P&R) layout are compared for the first time. The measured relative delay (=sigma/average) variation difference between the manual layout and the P&R layout decreases from 1.56% to 0.07% with r...

Unlike many acoustic measures, Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) has shown consistently high correlations with subjective vocal quality ratings. However, this superiority of the CPP index is reported based on empirical results, with its theoretical advantages not always clearly stated. In this paper the properties of the CPP which makes it a good predictor for vocal quality are addressed, as well ...

Many cryptographic primitives rely on word rotations (R) and xor (X) to provide proper mixing. We give RX-system mixing a very general treatment and deduce some theoretical results on related probability distributions. Pure RX-systems are easy to break, so we show how to apply our theory to a more complex system that uses RX operations in combination with S-boxes. We construct an impractical (k...

The function F of Dragon plays an important role on both the keystream generation and the internal state update. We analyze the function F of Dragon by linear cryptanalytic methods. Thanks to an efficient algorithm on linear approximations of the modular addition, we observed that there were a large number of approximations with significant correlations in the nonlinear components of the functi...

Area bloat in physical synthesis not only increases power dissipation, but also creates congestion problems, forces designers to enlarge the die area, rerun the whole design flow, and postpone the design deadline. As a result, it is vital for physical synthesis tools to achieve timing closure and low power consumption with intelligent area control. The major sources of area increase in a typica...