Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2009 1331 which directly and indirectly affect the occurrence and distribution of malaria (10). Whether malaria will return as a major health threat likely depends on the size and fragmentation of the individual plantation areas. The required size of a plantation for the survival of the vector population is unclear, but lar...

Metabarcoding potentially offers a rapid and cheap method of monitoring biodiversity, but real-world applications are few. We investigated its utility in studying patterns of litter arthropod diversity and composition in the tropics. We collected litter arthropods from 35 matched forest-plantation sites across Xishuangbanna, southwestern China. A new primer combination and the MiSeq platform we...

The potential of arid/semiarid land plants a s sources of commercial products is illustrated by the following examples: candelilla (wax); jojoba (oil, protein); Acacia spp. (gum); Astragalus spp. (tragacanth gum); guayule (rubber); rabbitbrush (rubber, chemicals); sunflowers (rubber, chemicals); yucca (soap); and cresote bush (antioxidants, phenolic resins). co-evolutionary selection is a cause...

Rubber cultivation is primarily rainfed agriculture, which means that water supplies are not stable in most rubber cultivated areas. Therefore, improving the use of trees through fertilization management seems to be a breakthrough for enhancing growth and latex yield carrying out intensive agriculture. However, relationships among nutrient status trees, their uptake, soil resources, including n...

Rainforest conversion to woody croplands impacts the carbon cycle via ecophysiological processes such as photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration. Changes in associated with land-use change can be estimated through Land Surface Models (LSMs). The accuracy of flux estimation fluxes has been attributed uncertainties model parameters affecting photosynthetic activity, which is a function both ca...

A Rubber is the most potential plantation crop in Tabalong Regency. Regency especially Lumbang Village. Many villagers work as rubber farmers. The farmers sell their tapped products to boss. This boss plays an important role economy of number bosses Village from 2000-2015 were 16 people. indirectly creates competition between bosses. purpose this study was determine background being a boss, amo...

Oil palm and rubber plantations extend over large areas and encompass heterogeneous site conditions. In periods of high rainfall, plants in valleys and at riparian sites are more prone to flooding than plants at elevated topographic positions. We asked to what extent topographic position and flooding affect oil palm and rubber tree water use patterns and thereby influence spatial and temporal h...