Aquatic prey show behavioral modifications in the presence of predation-risk cues that alleviate their risk from predation. Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes japonicus (Theobald), and Culex pipiens L. are invasive mosquitoes in North America, and their larvae are prey for the native mosquito predator, Toxorhynchites rutilus (Coquillett). Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus are recent invaders, where...

Multiple predator species can interact as well as strongly affect lower trophic levels, resulting in complex, nonadditive effects on prey populations and community structure. Studies of aquatic systems have shown that interactive effects of predators on prey are not necessarily predictable from the direct effects of each species alone. To test for complex interactions, the individual and combin...

The large-scale hybridization of fishes the subfamily Leuciscinae in subordinate systems Dnipro River basin is presented by data on two pairs species, roach Rutilus rutilus × bream Abramis brama, and bleak Alburnus alburnus rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus. occurrence F1 hybrids are confirmed with allozyme spectra morphological characters series samples. A complete morphometric analysis charact...

25 26 The functional response describes the relationship between feeding rate and prey density, and 27 is important ecologically as it describes how the foraging behaviour of an animal changes in 28 response to food availability. The effects of habitat complexity and food item size was 29 experimentally tested here on the foraging parameters and the functional responses of the 30 freshwater fis...

Background: Diazinon is an organophosphorous pesticide which widely found in municipal, agricultural, and urban storm water discharges. The present study was conducted to achieve lethal concentration (LC50) and behavioral changes of Rutilus rutilus caspius and Hypophthal-micthys molitrix after exposure to lethal concentration of diazinon. Methods: The experiment was carried out in static con...