Overarching goal of this paper was to evaluate automated and semi-automated methods of mapping wetlands using Landsat ETM+ and SRTM data. Automated methods consisted of: (a) slope derived from SRTM, (b) Tasseled cap Wetness Index (TCWI), (c) Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), (d) multi-band vegetation indices (MBVIs), (e) two band vegetation indices (TBVIs), (f) normalized difference veg...

forest cover is one of the most effective factors in reducing flooding in northern iran, so that in recent years the destruction, land use changing and uncontrolled harvesting of forest areas, has greatly increased the number and magnitude of floods. so far, there have been few studies on forest hydrology in iran, particularly the northern hyrcanian forests. this study examines the impact of a ...

This paper applied the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) technique and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) procedure to evaluate the wastewater treatment for enterprises. Based on the characteristics of wastewater treatment for enterprises in Taihu basin, an evaluating index system was established for enterprise and analysis hierarchy process method was applied to determine index weight. Then t...

most of the environmental threates and resources depletion are direct consequences of human behavior, so altering the behavior could decrease environmental problems. in this regard, identification of the effective factors on behavior would be the first step. lake urmia as a public good, needs public contribution to prevent its more deterioration that could have serious impacts on social welfare...

We examined the relationship between local water conditions (measured as the percent of total area of basins covered by water) and clutch size, egg volume, and hatchling mass of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) on four study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1988–1994. We also examined the relationship between pond density and clutch size...

Formation of hydraulic jump is necessary for dissipation of the excess kinetic energy downstream of spillways and gates. Hydraulic jump stilling basins of sudden expansion are one of the energy dissipater structures which are used where the available tail water depth is less than the required sequent depths. In the present study to further reduce the hydraulic jump sequent depths ratio, a rough...