Previous studies have emphasized that the adhesion strength between solid objects tends to increase as the characteristic size of the objects decreases and eventually saturates at the theoretical adhesion strength below a critical size scale. Here we show that the adhesion strength between two spheres or between a sphere and a solid half-space actually exhibits a peak value at an optimal size. ...

From Landau-Alexander-McTague theory and Monte-Carlo simulation results we show that the modulated liquid obtained by subjecting a colloidal system to a periodic laser modulation has long range bond-orientational order and non-zero shear rigidity. From infinite field simulation results we show that in the modulated liquid phase, the translational order parameter correlation function decays to z...

The adsorption of large ions from solution to a charged surface is investigated theoretically. A generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equation which takes into account the finite size of the ions is presented. We obtain analytical expressions for the electrostatic potential and ion concentrations at the surface, leading to a modified Grahame equation. At high surface charge densities the ionic concent...

We show that illumination by continuous white radiation saturates the population of levels so that some of the transitions are not observed. This reduces the number of observable transitions so that the resolution of neighboring transitions is improved. In the case of ν = 11/2 the improved resolution leads to clear observation of zero in the ρxx which appears as a finite resistivity minimum in ...

We show in a model-independent way that, in the background of a topological soliton or instanton that saturates a Bogomol’nyi bound, the fermion and boson excitation spectra of non-zero modes cancel at the one-loop level. This generalizes D’Adda and DiVecchia’s result for some specific instanton models. Our method also establishes, again in a modelindependent way, the generality of the connecti...

We employed quantitative NMR spectroscopy and spectrophotometric absorbance titration to study a quantum dot X-type ligand exchange reaction. We find that the exchange is highly cooperative, where at low extents of exchange the change in free energy of the reaction, ΔGXC, is ∼11 kJ mol-1 while at higher extents of exchange ΔGXC saturates to ∼-4 kJ mol-1. A modified Fowler binding isotherm is de...

We apply the approach of evolutionary programming to the problem of optimization of the blackjack basic strategy. We demonstrate that the population of initially random blackjack strategies evolves and saturates to a profitable performance in about one hundred generations. The resulting strategy resembles the known blackjack basic strategies in the specifics of its prescriptions, and has a simi...

We propose a modified Balitskii-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov equation from the viewpoint of the resummation technique, which satisfies the unitarity bound. The idea is to relax the strong rapidity ordering and to restrict phase space for real gluon emissions in the evaluation of the BFKL kernel. It is found that the gluon distribution function rises as a power of the Bjorken variable x, and then satura...

The photoconductance of poiycrystaHine silicon films at photon energies smaller than the band gap has been measured as a function of intensity applying a 1.3 pm wavelength semiconductor laser. The observed photosignaI increases superlinearly at low intensities and saturates above about 1.5 W / em 2. This distinct nonlinearity is caused by a significant energy dependence of optical to thermal cr...