Reliable data on electron backscattering in different media are not available in literature, even more for electrons of continuum spectrum. Material's parameters that depend or could be inferred from those data might have some uncertainties. Back in 1978, K. K. Sharma and M. Singh determined the value of saturation thickness for backscattered electrons and attenuation coefficient in some metals...

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) of metabolite protons that undergo exchange processes with the abundant water pool enables a specific contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CEST image contrast depends on physical and physiological parameters that characterize the microenvironment such as temperature, pH, and metabolite concentration. However, CEST imaging in vivo is a c...

This paper proposes a construction of a new distance in the HSL color space by a combination of the distances of HSL scalar components and by using the fuzzy cmeans framework to derive a fuzzy color clustering method. The main contribution consists in introducing two particular parameters to control the balance between the hue distance and the luminosity distance in the color Euclidean distance...

We demonstrate direct visualization of benzodiazepine binding parameters collected in a 3H-flunitrazepam saturation study. In this way the relationship between anatomy and specific binding, Kd and Bmax, can be appreciated. These experiments have resulted in image representations of specific flunitrazepam binding, Kd and Bmax. The images retain the anatomic localization inherent in the original ...

For a class of linear dynamical systems with unknown parameters a direct model reference adaptive control framework is developed that provides stable adaptation in the presence of input constraints. The proposed design methodology, termed “positive μ-modification”, protects the control law from actuator position saturation. Moreover, the design is Lyapunov based and ensures global asymptotic tr...

In F. Faul and V. Ekroll (2002), we proposed a filter model of perceptual transparency that describes typical color changes caused by optical filters and accurately predicts perceived transparency. Here, we provide a more elaborate analysis of this model: (A) We address the question of how the model parameters can be estimated in a robust way. (B) We show that the parameters of the original mod...

BACKGROUND Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Mutations in the HFE gene are associated with an increase in serum iron parameters. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability in serum iron parameters explained by HFE. METHODS Ninety families (980 subjects) were included in the present analysis. Heritability estimation was conducted using the variance ...

the simultaneous flow of oil and water in porous media is described by relative permeability curves, mainly derived from laboratory experiments. relative permeability is of paramount importance in predicting reservoir production performance and drive mechanisms and its value depends largely on the volume fraction of fluids present in the test samples. nowadays x-ray scanners are one of the most...

In this paper, we propose an analytical model for the performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). Different from most previous analytical studies based on the saturation assumption, we extend the analytical model to non-saturation conditions. An empty state is introduced into the Markov chain to represent the status of transmission queue being empty. This ...

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic tool of growing importance. Since its introduction, certain medical implants, e.g., pacemakers, were considered an absolute contraindication, mainly due to the presence of ferromagnetic components and the potential for electromagnetic interference. Patients with such implants were therefore prevented from entering MRI systems and not studied...