A method is presented to systematically transform a general inequality-constrained optimal control problem (OCP) into a new equality-constrained OCP by means of saturation functions. The transformed OCP can be treatedmore conveniently within the standard calculus of variations compared to the original constrained OCP. In detail, state constraints are substituted by saturation functions and succ...

Structural features of some calcium phosphates of biological interest are described. Structure of hydroxyapatite (OHAp), considered as the prototype for the inorganic component of bones and teeth is discussed with respect to the kinds and locations of ionic substitutions. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP), is a probable precursor in biological mineralization. OCP has a layer type structure, with one ...

Fig 2. GFP+ osteoclast. Lentivirus Transduction of Human Osteoclast Precursor Cells. Ramnaraine ML, + Clohisy DR, Mathews W +University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Senior author [email protected] INTRODUCTION Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of bone cancer have confirmed the pathologic role of osteoclasts [1]. In addition, the use of suicide gene delivery to tumors by acce...

Most cyanobacteria, under high light conditions, decrease the amount of energy arriving at the reaction centers by increasing thermal energy dissipation at the level of the phycobilisome, the extramembranous antenna. This mechanism is induced by photoactivation of the Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP). To identify how the activated OCP interacts with phycobilisomes (PBs), several OCP mutants were...

PURPOSE To examine the distribution of human heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP90, inducible HSP70 (iHSP70), constitutive and inducible HSP70 (cHSP70), HSP65, and human HSP27 in conjunctival biopsy specimens of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and healthy persons with cataract. METHODS Using an immunoperoxidase technique, conjunctival biopsy specimens from ten pat...

OBJECTIVE We describe rates of unintended pregnancy among HIV positive couples in Lusaka, Zambia. We also identify factors associated with unintended pregnancy among oral contraceptive pill (OCP) using couples in this cohort. DESIGN Data were analyzed from couples randomized in a factorial design to two family planning intervention videos. METHODS Rates of unintended pregnancy were stratifi...

Contraceptive Users To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Siritho et al on ischemic stroke risk in oral contraceptive users.1 This case-control study seems well conducted, but the conclusion is not consequential to the results obtained. The conclusion of a study is of crucial importance when it deals with the practical implication of the study itself, which, in the case in point, ...

Some clinicians and ethicists in the first group object to the combined OCP based on good indirect evidence that it could cause the death of an early embryo.4 Others in this group broaden their moral opposition to include the primary effect of the OCP: direct suppression of fertility for procreative (family-planning) purposes. For the latter, moral objection to the OCP would continue even if it...

Nishimura (2003) first pointed out that in Japanese loanwords, voiced geminates devoice optionally when they co-occur with another voiced obstruent i.e. when they violate OCP(voice) (e.g. /baggu/ → [bakku] ‘bag’). This devoicing of geminates has been used to make several theoretical claims in the recent phonological literature. However, these claims have so far largely been based on intuition-b...

Endogenous and exogenous female hormones regulate sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in animal models, but their impact in humans is controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the ovarian cycle and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on SNA. We hypothesized that the effects of endogenous hormones were baroreflex (BR)-mediated and that these cyclical changes in BR contro...