The paper considers a commonly used axiomatization of the classical propositional logic and studies how different axiom schemata in this system contribute to proof complexity of the logic. The existence of a polynomial bound on proof complexity of every statement provable in this logic is a well-known open question. The axiomatization consists of three schemata. We show that any statement prova...

This paper investigates the causal relationships among scripts, schemata, and social norms. The authors examine how social norms are triggered by particular schemata and are grounded in scripts. Just as schemata are embedded in a network, so too are social norms, and they can be primed through spreading activation. Moreover, the expectations that allow a social norm‘s existence are inherently g...

This article discusses how explanation-based learning of plan schemata from observation can improve performance of plan recognition. The GENESIS program is presented as an implemented system for narrative text understanding that learns schemata and improves its performance. Learned schemata allow GENESIS to use schema-based understanding techniques when interpreting events and thereby ovoid the...

In this paper we focus on the transformation of a conceptual schema into an internal schema. For a given conceptual schema, quite a number of internal schemata can be derived. This number can be reduced by imposing restrictions on internal schemata. We present a transformation algorithm that can generate internal schemata of several types (including the relational model and the NF 2 model). Gui...

We define a logic of propositional formula schemata adding to the syntax of propositional logic indexed propositions (e.g., pi) and iterated connectives ∨ or ∧ ranging over intervals parameterized by arithmetic variables (e.g., ∧n i=1 pi, where n is a parameter). The satisfiability problem is shown to be undecidable for this new logic, but we introduce a very general class of schemata, called b...

In the light of a recently derived evolution equation for genetic algorithms we consider the schema theorem and the building block hypothesis. We derive a schema theorem based on the concept of effective fitness showing that schemata of higher than average effective fitness receive an exponentially increasing number of trials over time. The equation makes manifest the content of the building bl...

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have recently been accepted as powerful approaches to solving optimization problems. It is also well-accepted that building block construction (schemata formation and conservation) has a positive influence on GA behavior. Schemata are usually indirectly evaluated through a derived structure. We introduce a new approach called the Constructive Genetic Algorithm (CGA), wh...

We introduce the schema bandits algorithm to solve binary combinatorial optimisation problems, like the trap functions and NK landscape, where potential solutions are represented as bit strings. Schema bandits are influenced by two different areas in machine learning, evolutionary computation and multiarmed bandits. The schemata from the schema theorem for genetic algorithms are structured as h...

In this work, we present our submission for the Cross-domain Heuristic Search Challenge 2011. We implemented a stochastic local search algorithm that consists of several algorithm schemata that have been offline-tuned on four sample problem domains. The schemata are based on all families of low-level heuristics available in the framework used in the competition with the exception of crossover h...