This chapter emphasizes the dilemma of salvage and reconstruction of the congenitally aplastic or hypoplastic thumb without normal cerebrocortical representation for prehensile grasp and pinch. The philosophy of reconstruction of the congenitally anomalous thumb is clearly divergent from thumb reconstruction following trauma. It is difficult to advise parents who seek surgical correction of the...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment in clinical presentation, and by β-amyloid (Aβ) production and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau in basic research. More highlights demonstrate that the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enhances Aβ generation and deposition by modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and upregulating β- and γ-sec...

Some males of D. biarmipes--synonym of D. rajasekari and D. raychaudhuri have a black patch on the wing. The patch extends from the apical margin of wing to the third longitudinal vein. Field and laboratory studies have been carried out in D. biarmipes to study role of male's wing patch in mating success. The field study shows that nature favors D. biarmipes males with patch. Although males wit...

Biopolymers with universal accessibility and inherent biodegradability can offer an appealing sustainable platform to supersede petroleum-based polymers. In this research, a hybrid system derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was added into poly (lactic acid) (PLA) improve its mechanical, thermal, flame resistance properties. The ZnO-overlaid CNCs were prepar...

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the radiological and clinical results of transverse osteotomy fixation applications in rotation deformities due metacarpal malunion. Methods: A total 18 fingers from patients were enrolled study (14 males 4 females). The average age was 32.8 ± 14.4 years (range: 18-58 years). follow-up duration 19.7 7.9 months 7-36 months). All had a scissoring deformity whic...

Phosphorus related species are not known to be as omnipresent in space hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-bearing species. Astronomers spotted very few P-bearing molecules the interstellar medium circumstellar envelopes. Limited discovery of imposes severe constraints modeling P-chemistry. In this paper, we carry out extensive chemical models follow fate diffuse clouds, photon-domin...

The compression of a crystalline material under hydrostatic pressure always results in a reduction in volume of the solid, with the observed reduction typically occurring in all crystallographic cell parameters. However, there are a number of exceptional materials that have been shown to expand in a specific direction upon hydrostatic compression while maintaining a positive volume compression....

We report here a structural study of $R\mathrm{Ba}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ ($R=\mathrm{La}$, Pr, and Nd) compounds by means synchrotron radiation x-ray powder diffraction Raman spectroscopy. The three are $A$-site ordered perovskites adopting the prototypical tetragonal structure at high temperature. A ferromagnetic transition is observed in $\mathrm{LaBa}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}...

Algae are becoming a strategic source of fuels, food, feedstocks, and biologically active compounds. This potential has stimulated the development of innovative analytical methods focused on these microorganisms. Algal lipids are among the most promising potential products for fuels as well as for nutrition. The crucial parameter characterizing the algal lipids is the degree of unsaturation of ...

Metalloproteins (MPs) comprise one-third of all known protein structures. This diverse set of proteins contain a plethora of unique inorganic moieties capable of performing chemistry that would otherwise be impossible using only the amino acids found in nature. Most of the well-studied MPs are generally viewed as being very rigid in structure, and it is widely thought that the properties of the...