Traditional WWW search engines index and recommend individual Web pages to assist users in locating relevant documents. Users are often overwhelmed by the large answer set recommended by the search engines. The logical starting point of the hyper-document is thus hidden among the large basket of matching pages. Users need to spend a lot of effort browsing through the pages to locate the startin...

Web spamming refers to use of unethical search engine optimization practices to gain better position on Search Engine Result Page (SERP). Making judgment on web-page to declare it as spam or ham is complicated issue because different search engines have different standards. Link-based spamming, cloaking and content spamming is main focus of different anti spam techniques. Even though these anti...

Due to tremendous growth in growth of internet over recent years, huge amount of data collected over the web and search engine users facing problem in search a relevant information by writing few keywords, search engine returns a number of result page and then user have to spend long time to search a relevant information from number of result. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for opt...

A new approach has been developed for acquiring bilingual web pages from the result pages of search engines, which is composed of two challenging tasks. The first task is to detect web records embedded in the result pages automatically via a clustering method of a sample page. Identifying these useful records through the clustering method allows the generation of highly effective features for t...

Because of the financial gain in achieving a high search engine rank, modifying a web page to unfairly alter its ranking has become a common practice. Techniques to achieve this are generally known as web spam because of the adverse affect on the relevance of the results returned by the search engine. This paper contains an overview of the techniques used to create web spam and the defenses ava...

This paper consider the problem of search engine that are not capable of retrieving appropriate result on query given. Most of the users are not able to give the appropriate query to get what exactly they wanted to retrieve. So the search engine retrieves a massive list of data, which are ranked by the page rank algorithm or relevancy algorithm or human judgment algorithm. If the relevant resul...

Meaning of Web-page content plays a big role while produced a search result from a search engine. Most of the cases Web-page meaning stored in title or meta-tag area but those meanings do not always match with Web-page content. To overcome this situation we need to go through the Web-page content to identify the Web-page meaning. In such cases, where Webpage content holds dual meaning words tha...

We describe experiments conducted for the TREC 2006 Terabyte track. Our experiments are centered around two concepts: Static index pruning (for increased retrieval efficiency) and result reranking (for improved precision). We investigate their effect on retrieval efficiency and effectiveness, paying special attention to the difference between ad-hoc retrieval and named page finding. We show tha...

Cloaking is a search engine spamming technique used by some Web sites to deliver one page to a search engine for indexing while serving an entirely different page to users browsing the site. In this paper, we show that the degree of cloaking among search results depends on query properties such as popularity and monetizability. We propose estimating query popularity and monetizability by analyz...

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between wages, human capital and investment in financial assets with risky returns at the individual level. To explore this relationship from an international perspective, we analyse individual level data from the British Household Panel Survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel and the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our findings suggest ...