This paper describes penalty search based on a modified neighborhood search where move and solution penalty functions attempt to keep the search process out of recently "explored" regions. During the penalty search process trajectories which may cause a cycle or drive the search process towards recently found local optimums are made "less attractive" by using penalty parameters. Penalty search ...

Finding accurate mathematical model of electrical equivalent circuit solar photovoltaic (PV) cell is crucial to achieve and improve maximum power point, simulation design efficiency computations for energy system. Due the nonlinearity characteristic PV cell, optimization methods are best estimating parameters which lead I-V curve. In this paper, camel behavior search algorithm proposed as a new...

The power system continuously deals with frequency fluctuations. When a disturbance occurs, the transmission operators rely on underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme to address severe (UF) events maintain at permissible level and prevent blackouts. Defining settings of conventional UFLS is very complex problem due nonlinear nature response, size vast because number UF-relays spread system. ...