Two populations of Trophonema okamotoi parasitized by Pasteuria sp. were found on Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) and on an unidentified tropical grass in north-central Florida. Endospores of this Pasteuria sp. attached to motile vermiform second-stage juveniles (J2) and males of T. okamotoi, but not to other developmental stages. Sporangia and new endospores were produced only inside the bo...

The infective dauer juvenile (DJ2) of Anguina agrostis, a stage capable of surviving desiccation, is up to sixfold more resistant to the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate than are freshly hatched juveniles or adult males, and twofold more resistant to the anesthetic phenoxypropanol. Thus, the DJ2, like dauer stages of other species, may also be more resistant to various types of environmental st...

Spondylolysis is reported as a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis with a strong hereditary basis. Three cases of lumbar spondylolysis in juveniles from the same family are reported, and the genetics of the condition are reviewed. The first boy, a 13-year-old soccer player, was diagnosed with terminal stage L5 bilateral spondylolysis with grade 1 slippage. The second boy, a 10-year-old...

The life cycle of Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, 1990 consists of an egg stage, four juvenile stages, and an adult stage (male and female). The cycle from IJ (third stage infective juveniles) to IJ may proceed by one of two routes. If the nutrient supply is sufficient and the population is not overcrowded, the IJ develop to adult males and females of the first generation. Most eggs f...

Investigations were undertaken to determine the suitability of sucrose and magnesium sulphate solutions and a silica colloidal suspension with centrifugation for extracting Tylenchulus semipenetrans from citrus roots. The efficiency of incubation, sodium hypochlorite, centrifugation, and maceration methods was also compared. Numbers of females recovered by centrifugation with colloidal silica w...

Barnacles are major sessile components of the intertidal areas worldwide, and also one of the most dominant fouling organisms in fouling communities. Larval settlement has a crucial ecological effect not only on the distribution of the barnacle population but also intertidal community structures. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the transition process from the larval to the juvenil...

sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is one of the hosts for different root-knot nematode species. in this study, firstly the effect of different inoculum levels including 250+250, 500, 500+250, 750, 500+500 and 1000 second stage juveniles of meloidogyne javanica were evaluated on a susceptible variety named jolgeh. the results showed that all inoculum levels were suitable for infection on sugar beet pla...

Vigna unguiculata, Cassia fasiculata, and Sesamum indicum did not support Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, or Heterodera glycines race 4 in greenhouse studies with soils from peanut and soybean fields. Fagopyron eseulentum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, and Cucurbita pepo were hosts to the two Meloidogyne spp. but were nonhosts to H. glycines. Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita galled but repr...