While access to and control over assets can minimize women's HIV risk, little is known about the processes through which property rights violations increase the sexual transmission of HIV. The current study focused on two rural areas in Nyanza and Western Province, Kenya where HIV prevalence was high (23.8-33 %) and property rights violations were common. The current work drew on in-depth inter...

Recent trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy have shown lack of cardiovascular benefit or possible harm among women with and without underlying cardiovascular disease [1-7] . Despite a favorable impact on several cardiovascular risk markers, hormone therapy is thus not recommended for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. [8] Although alternatives are available, horm...

The reported outcomes statement is an update to the previous recommendations for outcomes evaluation in cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs. The purposes of outcomes evaluation are reviewed, and practical information with examples is provided to help programs implement an outcomes-directed approach within routine patient care and program management functions.

There is pressure on primary care trusts, and therefore on GPs, to reach specific levels of use of low-cost statins as a proportion of total statin prescribing. This simple study looks at some markers of the quality of the results achieved. A correlation is found between a higher proportion of low-cost statin prescribing and lower achievement raising questions as to whether financial savings ma...

Latin America has some of the highest levels of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage of any developing region in the world. Early initiation and optimal adherence to ART are necessary for improved health outcomes and reduction in onward transmission. Previous work has demonstrated the role of psychosocial problems as barriers to uptake and adherence to ART, and recently, a syndemic framework h...

Stroke is arguably the most feared cardiovascular event among healthy subjects and those with cardiovascular disease. Recent studies document changes in the epidemiology of stroke, both within and beyond the United States, which will impact medical service needs. Advances in our treatments for primary and secondary prevention herald an exciting period of change, which promises to lower stroke r...

BACKGROUND There is a lack of reliable epidemiological data on longitudinal trends in stroke attack rates, incidence, and mortality in the countries of the Baltic region. AIMS The aim of the present study was to explore the longitudinal trends of stroke in middle-aged urban population of Lithuania during the period of 1986 through 2012. METHODS All stroke events in the studied population we...

A novel approach for primary prevention of cervical cancer has become available by the discovery of efficient prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on virus-like particles. This review elaborates on the progress in the field of prophylactic HPV vaccination achieved in the past decade, provides indications for prophylactic HPV vaccination, and discusses the impact on public heal...

Aspirin therapy is well-accepted as an agent for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and current guidelines also define a role for aspirin in primary prevention. In this review, we describe the seminal trials of aspirin use in the context of current guidelines, discuss factors that may influence the effectiveness of aspirin therapy for cardiovascular disease prevention, and briefl...