BACKGROUND Carica papaya is a well known medicinal plant used in the West and Asian countries to cope several diseases. Patients were advised to eat papaya fruit frequently during dengue fever epidemic in Pakistan by physicians. This study was conducted to establish Polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant potential profile of extracts of all major parts of the C. papaya with seven major solvent...

In the different compartments of the spleen, macrophage populations can be found that have different functions depending on their localization. In the lymphoid compartment of the spleen, the white pulp, macrophages are in essence similar to populations found in lymph nodes and other organized secondary lymphoid organs. In the red pulp, large populations of classical scavenger macrophages are fo...

Estimation of age of skeletal remains is one of the most complex questions for anthropologists. The most common macroscopic methods are based on dental wear and histological evaluation of bone remodeling. These methods are often qualitative, require great technical expertise, and have proved inexact in the estimation of ages over 50 years. Certain dental methods investigate the apposition of se...

Antibody-secreting plasma cells are nonrecirculatory and lodge in splenic red pulp, lymph node medullary cords, and bone marrow. The factors that regulate plasma cell localization are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that, compared with their B cell precursors, plasma cells exhibit increased chemotactic sensitivity to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. At the same time, they downregulate CXCR5 and CCR...

BACKGROUND Dental age of adults can be estimated by the analysis of the progressive physiological and degenerative phenomena which affect dental tissues. The pulp-dentinal complex is one of the dental structures that show modifications related to age, mainly resulting in the reduction of the pulp chamber volume due to the continual deposition of secondary dentin. The study aims to evaluate the ...

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pod is a characteristic fruit from the Mediterranean regions. It composed by seeds, valuable part due to extraction of locust bean gum, and pulp, considered by-product processing industry. pulp mixture macro- micronutrients, such as carbohydrates, vitamins minerals, secondary metabolites with functional properties. In last few years, numerous studies on chemical bio...

an 11-year-old female patient was referred with a chief complaint of pain in the right mandibular second premolar. clinical and radiographic examinations showed secondary caries under an old composite restoration, a negative response to a pulp test and an immature root with an open apex. after root canal cleaning and shaping, bleeding was invoked in the canal up to 2 mm short of the cemento-ena...