The aim of this contribution is to provide reference data for peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT2000) performed at the proximal radius (the so-called '65% site') of young subjects and to discuss the interpretation of such analyses. Data from a previous reference data study on 469 subjects between 6 and 40 years were re-analyzed and smooth curves were fitted. The correspond...

High-resolution computed tomography was used to directly determine the short-term effects of intravascular volume expansion on airway caliber. The change in airway cross-sectional area caused by intravascular volume expansion (30 ml/kg, Ringer's lactate) was studied in six anesthetized mini-pigs within 5 min. Twenty-five of 27 large airways (diameter, 2.01 to 5.0 mm) demonstrated decreased inte...

A new technique for simultaneously recording urethral closure pressure and cross sectional area profile is described. The cross sectional area of the urethra could be measured using the field gradient principle. The procedure was performed readily in male patients and the recordings can be graphically presented during measurement. A high degree of reproducibility using this method was obtained....

Engineers can learn from nature for inspirations to create new designs. The internal structure of lotus roots with several oval holes was studied in this paper for engineering inspirations. The structural performance of lotus roots under outside water pressure was simulated and compared with various cross-sectional areas. The distribution of stresses in the cross-sectional area of lotus roots w...

OBJECTIVE To determine velocity specific isokinetic forces and cross sectional areas of reciprocal muscle groups in Olympic weight lifters. METHODS The cross sectional area of the flexor or extensor muscles of the elbow or knee joint was determined by a B-mode ultrasonic apparatus in 34 college weight lifters and 31 untrained male subjects matched for age. Maximum voluntary force produced in ...

Methods. A maximum of 20 volunteers were included to receive an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block with mepivacaine 1.5% and a starting volume of 0.2 ml mm cross-sectional nerve area. In cases of a complete sensory block, the volume was reduced by 0.02 ml mm cross-sectional nerve area until the first block failed. Thereafter, the volume of local anaesthetic was increased by 0.02 ml mm cross-...