Episiotomy is a common surgical planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labour to enlarge the vaginal introitus so as to facilitate easy and safe delivery of the fetus, to minimize the overstretching and rupture of perineal muscles and fascia and to reduce the stress and strain on the fetal head. Episiotomy also helpful in reduction in duration...

OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine the rate of episiotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective was conducted in 3 state hospitals located in 3 cities in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Ethics committee approval was received for this study. Also, institutional permissions from the institutions where the study was conducted were obtained before the study. The sample of t...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background : routine episiotomy is a controversial issue among gynecologists. the aim of this study was to compare early maternal and neonatal complications of restrictive episiotomy and routine episiotomy in primiparus vaginal delivery. methods : in this descriptive cross-sectional study, two groups of primiparus normal vaginal delivery (nvd) cases...

BACKGROUND Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vaginal orifice by an incision of the perineum during the second stage of labor or just before delivery of the baby. During the 1970s, it was common to perform an episiotomy for almost all women having their first delivery, ostensibly for prevention of severe perineum tears and easier subsequent repair. However, there are no data availabl...

The use of episiotomy emerged with the advent of "modern obstetrics". Few of the benefits attributed to it have been sustained by scientific study. The author of this article explores the interrelationship between episiotomy and other interventions in the second stage of labour and makes a plea for a reassessment of our management of this stage of labour. In particular, he questions the place o...

OBJECTIVE This article provides the estimates of the cost implications of switching from routine to restrictive episiotomy in 2 provinces in Argentina (Santa Fe and Salta) from the viewpoint of the health provider. STUDY DESIGN A decision-tree model was constructed that used the probabilities and patient outcomes (the results of a trial in Argentina), resource use, cost, and local epidemiolog...

BACKGROUND Pain is one of the side effects of episiotomy. The virtual reality (VR) is a non-pharmacological method for pain relief. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using video glasses on pain reduction in primiparity women during episiotomy repair. METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on 30 primiparous parturient women having labor at Omolbanin Hospital (Mashhad,...

In this prospective pilot study the efficiency of an inflatable, balloon-shaped vaginal dilatator (Epi-no®) was examined. This Birth Trainer is designed to gently mechanically expand the birth canal and to therefore reduce the episiotomy rate and improve the fetal outcome. 50 primiparae with a gestational age of 38 completed weeks aiming at a spontaneous birth participated in this Birth Trainin...

BACKGROUND In Spain, the Strategy for Assistance in Normal Childbirth (SANC) promoted a model of care, which respects the physiological birth process and discards unnecessary routine interventions, such as episiotomies. We evaluated the rate of episiotomy use and perineal trauma as indicators of how selective introduction of the SANC initiative has impacted childbirth outcomes in hospitals of C...

BACKGROUND According to some published studies, neuraxial analgesia may be associated with prolonged labor and an increased risk for instrumental vaginal delivery. However, its effects on episiotomy are unknown. This study aimed to examine the incidence of episiotomy with and without combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSEA) during labor. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study, in whic...