The study on how Marx created the theory of social capital reproduction shows that this ranks among his original contributions to economics. In theory, Marx’s analysis Department II and exchange relation reveals conditions capitalist must follow if it is proceed smoothly. fully indirect process indicates capitalists’ individual consumption preferences, changes in these are factors not only dete...

Measured grades rely on the relative positions of measurement locations within the ore site. These measurements at a set of locations give some insight into regional variability. This variability determines the regional behaviour as well as the predictability of the grade. The larger the variability, the more heterogeneous is the geological environment1. One of the tools used to measure regiona...

Recent research has suggested that the geostatistical structure of ground-penetrating radar data may be representative of the spatial structure of hydraulic properties. However, radar images of the subsurface can change drastically with application of signal processing or by changing the signal frequency. We perform geostatistical analyses of surface radar reflection profiles in order to invest...

The area-to-point kriging method (ATPK) is an important technology of downscaling without auxiliary information in remote sensing. However, it uses a constant semivariogram to downscale geospatial variables, which ignores the spatial heterogeneity between objects. To deal with this kind heterogeneity, study proposes fuzzy object-based ATPK method, mainly consists three steps: extraction objects...

In this paper, we formulated a dynamical model of COVID-19 to describe the transmission dynamics of the disease. The well possedness of the formulated model equations was proved. Both local and global stability of the disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium point of the model equation was established using basic reproduction number. The results show that, if the basic reproduction numb...

Concentrates on estimating the spatial correlations between soil water infiltration observations, with special emphasis on resistant methods to remove nonstationarity. After this removal, robust semivariogram estimators are used to examine the spatial dependencies for various tillage treatments. There is some indication that infiltration characteristics inherit different types of spatial depend...

introduction the main problems relating to water quality for agriculture are salinity, soil infiltration and specific ions toxicity. accumulation of the specific ions from the irrigation water in the plants reduces crop yields. one of the most common specific ions toxicities results from high concentration of chloride (cl) ion. knowledge of the spatial distribution of cl concentration in ground...

[1] We appreciate the commentary by Neuman [2006] and the opportunity for discussion and further clarification of our article [Ritzi et al., 2004]. In his commentary, Neuman expounds upon his derivation of a model for the permeability semivariogram [Neuman, 2003, equation (53)] and describes aquifer architecture that would be represented by such a model. As requested by the Associate Editor, ou...