This is the second paper on principles of demineralization. The initial paper is dedicated to the common definitions and the history of demineralization. In present work we review the principles and mechanisms of decalcification, i.e., removing the mineral Ca-containing compounds (phosphates and carbonates) from the organic matrix in its two main aspects: natural and artificial. Natural chemica...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare the resistance to enamel demineralization between self-etching primer (SEP) and conventional sealant in vitro. METHODS A total of 120 molar sections were randomly assigned to 3 groups: SEP (Transbond Plus, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), sealant (Light Bond fluoride-releasing sealant, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill), or control ...

We describe a new technique, decalcification by perfusion, for the softening of bony tissue. The blood circulatory system was perfused in 16 rats via a cannula through the left heart ventricle with a fixative followed by New Decalc (an acidic demineralizer) for 30-240 minutes. Perfusion decalcification for 120 minutes softened all heads and middle ear specimens could be easily sampled and prepa...

Background: Microwave technology has revolutionized histological processing by reducing processing time and improving tissue integrity. We describe the first microwave-accelerated tissue processing procedure for healthy and diseased tissue fragments of two species of corals: the gorgonian Gorgonia ventalina and the scleractinian Acropora cervicornis. Methods: Fourteen tissue samples from sea fa...

The immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique was applied to the labelling of decalcified sections of formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens. A panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with haemopoietic and epithelial antigens, which survive routine formalin fixation, was assessed on 72 cases of haematological malignancy (including acute and chronic leukae...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of higher post-operative valve gradient on freedom from valve re-intervention and death in patients undergoing aortic valve repair (AVr). METHODS Patients who underwent AVr between March 1996 and June 2010 were divided into 2 groups: I: peak gradient (PG) <20 mmHg (n=358) and II: PG ≥20 mmHg (n=113). Age (53.6±16.0 vs. 50.6±16.4 years; P=0.08), impaired LV (n...

A prospective clinical trial was carried out to compare argon laser-curing of a traditional light-activated composite resin with conventional visible light-curing in terms of bond failure rate and incidence of enamel decalcification. Forty-five patients with a total of 742 metal brackets bonded to the upper and/or lower teeth in a modified split-mouth design participated in the study. The adhes...

AIMS To investigate (1) whether adequate immunohistochemical staining can be achieved on sections cut from plastic embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens after microwave heating in citrate buffer; and (2) whether this immunohistochemical staining is comparable with that achieved on routine sections cut from paraffin wax embedded trephine biopsy specimens after decalcification procedures...

INTRODUCTION The occurrence of side-effects of fixed orthodontic therapy, such as white-spot lesions and root resorption, are known to be significantly more frequent with increasing duration of treatment. Multi-bracket treatment should be as short as possible, in order to minimize the risks of collateral damage to teeth. The aim of this non-randomized clinical trial was to compare treatment dur...

Background: Traditional techniques for preparation of teeth for histological analysis include: 1) Ground section of non-decalcified tooth and view by polarized light. 2) Decalcify the tooth and then section and stain as per soft tissue. 3) Cryomicrotomy -non-decalcified tooth is immersed rapidly in liquid nitrogen and sectioned with a cryostat using a heavy-duty freezing microtome. Objectives: ...