On October 5, 2005, an 80-year-old woman with no contributory past history consulted our hospital with a complaint of headache. Laboratory studies showed serum sodium of 119 mEq/l and potassium of 4.6 mEq/l. Urinary excretion of sodium was 61 mEq/l. Blood urea nitrogen was 11 mg/dl;serum creatinine, 0.5 mg/dl;serum uric acid, 2.0 mg/dl;and hematocrit, 38.0%. The plasma osmolality was low at 247...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial measurements of brain volume, tissue fluid, and metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial T1-weight...

Some biological aspects of semen were investigated in the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, by determination of seminal plasma indices (ionic composition and osmolality), sperm density and their relationships with sperm motility. The osmolality of seminal plasma ranged from 42.00 to 111.00 mOsmol Kg-1. The concentrations of Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Calcium (Ca2+) and Ma...

The relation between serum osmolality, glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, arterial pH, BUN and level of consciousness was studied in 189 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). There was much overlap between all laboratory values among various groups, even when there was a statistically significant difference. To find a better predictor, we defined a new factor as serum osmolality/arterial pH...

The Ca2+-permeable cation channel TRPV4, which is part of the Trp family located in the circumventricular organs, is activated by cell swelling. To investigate the role of TRPV4 in osmotic sensation, we disrupted the TRPV4 gene in mice and examined the effect on osmotic metabolism. Disruption of the mouse TRPV4 gene did not influence either water intake behavior or serum osmolality. Short-term ...

BACKGROUND The herbicide BASTA (AgrEvo, Germany), containing glufosinate ammonium (20%) and an anionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate (33%), is widely used. In acute oral BASTA poisoning, patients develop a variety of clinical signs, including disturbed consciousness, convulsions, and apnea. These effects are suspected to be due to the effects of glufosinate on the central nervo...

an animal model was designed to study the effect of large volume hypertonic solutions (hts) for re suscitation following a hypovolemic shock. resuscitation in hypovolemic animals was performed by infusion of 15 ml/kg of normal saline (group i), 5% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3) (group ii), 5% sodium chloride (naci) and 7.5 % nahco3 1:1 vn (group iii), 5% nac1 (group iv), and 5% nacl and 5% serum a...

KAKOLEWSKI, JAN W., AND EDWARD DEAUX. hitiati~n of eating as a function of ingestion of hypoosmotic solutions. Am. J. Physiol. 218(2): 590495. 1970.--Factors involved in the initiation of food ingestion were investigated. The model used was based on an observation that, in rats kept under water deprivation conditions, ingestion of 3 ml or more of water results in initiation of food ingestion af...

The effect of niravoline (RU 51599), a kappa opioid receptor agonist with water diuretic properties, was assessed on the resorption of postischemic cerebral edema in the conscious mouse in comparison with U 50488, another kappa opioid receptor agonist, and mannitol. Ischemia was obtained by permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Twenty-four hours after occlusion, at a time whe...