Zetterberg and Larsson proposed that the restriction point divides the G1 phase into two parts. Cells before this point are able to leave the division cycle and enter a G0 phase; cells past this point are unaffected by a short period of low serum. Additional results of Zetterberg and Larsson--1) cycloheximide treatment affects cells in the same way as low serum, and 2) a delay in the second div...

BACKGROUND The effects of food restriction on energy metabolism have been under investigation for more than a century. Data obtained are conflicting and research has failed to provide conclusive results. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that in lean subjects under normal living conditions, short-term starvation leads to an increase in serum concentrations of ca...

Lactating rats were starved for 48 h and refed a high-carbohydrate diet for a further 48 h. Starvation stops milk secretion, which resumes shortly after refeeding. Three lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 'malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) all decrease in the mammary gland during starvation and are restored to the pre-starvation levels 48 h aft...

Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is of importance in the development of diabetic angiopathy. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of insulin and IGF-I on apoptosis in VSMCs. Rat aortic VSMCs were used and apoptosis was induced by serum starvation. As apoptotic markers we measured caspase-3 activity, histone-associated DNA fragments by ELISA and nuclear morphology by DAPI (4',6-di...

TRIP-Br1 oncogenic protein has been shown to have multiple biological functions in cells. In this study, we demonstrate that TRIP-Br1 functions as an oncoprotein by inhibiting autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis of cancer cells and eventually helping them to survive under the nutrient/serum starved condition. TRIP-Br1 expression level was significantly increased in conditions with low levels ...

PARN, a poly(A)-specific ribonuclease, binds the 5' cap-structure of mRNA and initiates deadenylation-dependent decay. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) also binds to the cap structure, an interaction that is critical for initiating cap-dependent translation. The stability of various mRNA transcripts in human cell lines is reduced under conditions of serum starvation as determined by both...

AIMS The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protects the heart through AMPK activation. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, helps preserve and recycle energy and nutrients for cells to survive under starvation. This study was designed to examine the role of MIF in cardiac homeostasis and autophagy regulation following ...

For more than 3 decades it has been known that serum thyroid hormone levels drop during starvation and illness. In mild illness, this involves only a decrease in serum T3 levels. However, as the severity of the illness increases, there is a drop in both serum T3 and T4 (1). This decrease in serum thyroid hormone levels is seen in starvation (2), sepsis (3, 4), surgery (5), myocardial infarction...