This paper introduces the option to conduct discovery into a model of settlement bargaining and negative expected value (NEV) suits under asymmetric information. We find that the option to conduct discovery has important effects on the standard model of settlement under asymmetric information for several reasons. First, because discovery is typically cheaper than litigation, it reduces the defe...

We utilize a Monte Carlo simulation scheme based on the bond fluctuation model to simulate settlement of adhesive particles onto sinusoidally corrugated substrates. The particles are composed of a hard inner core with either an effective potential shell or a "soft" adhesive shell made of flexible arms attached to the particle surface. These chains adhere via either the effective potential shell...

In this paper, numerical analysis of a pile-soil interaction problem is presented considering the parameters influencing the axial load-deformation behavior of the pile embedded in a layered soil medium. The analysis is demonstrated with parametric solutions of a pile with underlain model soil strata under the axial force. An attempt is made to ascertain the extent of influence of elastic prope...

Due to urbanization and population increase, need for metro tunnels, has been considerably increased in urban areas. Estimating the surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation is an important task especially where the tunnels are excavated in urban areas or beneath important structures. Many models have been established for this purpose by extracting the relationship between the settlement a...

Both ecological and social factors play an important role in determining the structure of animal settlement patterns. While the ecological factors determining animal settlement are generally well known, the relative importance of social factors in mediating fine-scale settlement choices is poorly understood. As a result, we have little knowledge of why individuals choose to settle near specific...

Settlement size predicts extreme variation in the rates and magnitudes of many social and ecological processes in human societies. Yet, the factors that drive human settlement-size variation remain poorly understood. Size variation among economically integrated settlements tends to be heavy tailed such that the smallest settlements are extremely common and the largest settlements extremely larg...

The impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on marine ecosystems due to ozone depletion has caused growing global concern. Barnacle larvae have evolved complex photoreceptors and elaborate phototactic behaviors, which enable them to identify suitable habitats for feeding and settlement. For the first time, we demonstrate that environmentally realistic levels of UV-B radiation can induce ocular damage...

At present, reducing subgrade settlement of soft soil foundation is a key problem in high-speed railway construction. Pile-slab structure is a widely-utilized form of foundation structure to reduce the subgrade settlement in China. In order to save the engineering cost for high-speed railway construction in developing countries, the author developed a pile-slab structure and named it as the new...

This paper examines the use of sorting by defendants as a strategy for lowering their overall costs of litigation. The effectiveness of this strategy relies on the defendant’s ability to bundle settlement offers with some other variable that is valued differently by plaintiffs. The example I examine in this paper is settlement delay. For example, if plaintiffs have different time costs of pursu...

The goal of the intelligent agent in this research is fulfill the settlement process in Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS). The RTGS system is a payment settlement process for individual processing of payments in an electronic system for gross settlement in real time. Settlement process in this research is managed by clearing house. The mechanism at clearing house is a transmitter client sends a...