It is well established that the plant hormone ethylene plays a key role in cucumber sex determination. Since the unisexual control gene M was cloned and shown to encode an ethylene synthase, instead of an ethylene receptor, the 'one-hormone hypothesis', which was used to explain the cucumber sex phenotype, has been challenged. Here, the physiological function of CsACS2 (the gene encoded by the ...

AIM To evaluate the association of vitamin D (VD) deficiency with gonadotropins and sex hormone in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Of the total of 140 women, thirty obese and thirty nonobese, aged 20-40 years, were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were the women with normal level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), parathyro...

Hormone-transfer theory proposes that the hormonal milieu of one twin may influence the other. In opposite-sex twins it has been proposed that hormonal transfer may produce a masculinizing effect in females. The second-to-fourth-finger ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as an index of the level of prenatal androgens and could, theoretically, be used to detect hormone transfer. Previous examination...

We previously reported quantitation of gut microbiota in a panel of 89 different inbred strains of mice, and we now examine the question of sex differences in microbiota composition. When the total population of 689 mice was examined together, several taxa exhibited significant differences in abundance between sexes but a larger number of differences were observed at the single strain level, su...

This study investigated (1) sex differences in hormonal responses to psychosocial stress; (2) the relation between variability in pre-test hormone concentrations and stress-induced hormonal changes; and (3) some possible sources of within-sex variation in pre-test hormone concentrations and in hormonal responses to the test in a large human subject population. To this end, changes in salivary c...

OBJECTIVE Tamoxifen has been used to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer. However, tamoxifen-users frequently experience amenorrhea and it can be confused from that caused by other hormonal abnormalities. In amenorrheic patients without breast cancer, clinicians usually measure the sex hormone levels that are known to be associated with ovarian or menstrual function. This study aimed to inv...

CVD (cardiovascular disease) is the leading cause of death for women. Considerable progress has been made in both our understanding of the complexities governing menopausal hormone therapy and our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hormone and hormone receptor function. Understanding the interplay of atherosclerosis and sex steroid hormones and their cognate recep...

the liver is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of many kinds of hormones, various abnormalities hormone levels are found in advanced liver disease. for example the liver is, extremely sensitive to changes in insulin or glucagon levels. the liver is the primary organ of iron storage is frequently involved, diabetes is common in patients with iron overload and may be seen in cirrhosis. chr...

This handy volume will undoubtedly make a strong appeal to all keen students of endocrinology. To research workers in the field it will prove of sterling worth as it gives in a concise and systematic way all the important phases of development of the subject together with the difficulties and pitfalls encountered by them. The subject is particularly difficult to deal with in view of the overwhe...