Fast inactivating Shaker H4 potassium channels and nonconducting pore mutant Shaker H4 W434F channels have been used to correlate the installation and recovery of the fast inactivation of ionic current with changes in the kinetics of gating current known as "charge immobilization" (Armstrong, C.M., and F. Bezanilla. 1977. J. Gen. Physiol. 70:567-590.). Shaker H4 W434F gating currents are very s...

We describe the contribution of rapidly inactivating Shaker K+ channels to the dynamic membrane properties of Drosophila photoreceptors. Phototransduction was measured in wild-type and Shaker mutant (Sh14) Drosophila photoreceptors by stimulating with white noise-modulated light contrast and recording the resulting intracellular membrane potential fluctuations. A second-order Volterra kernel se...

Cooperativity among the four subunits helps give rise to the remarkable voltage sensitivity of Shaker potassium channels, whose open probability changes tenfold for a 5-mV change in membrane potential. The cooperativity in these channels is thought to arise from a concerted structural transition as the final step in opening the channel. Recordings of single-channel ionic currents from certain o...

Different Shaker family alpha-subunit genes generate distinct voltage-dependent K+ currents when expressed in heterologous expression systems. Thus it generally is believed that diverse neuronal K+ current phenotypes arise, in part, from differences in Shaker family gene expression among neurons. It is difficult to evaluate the extent to which differential Shaker family gene expression contribu...

Ionic currents underlie the firing patterns, excitability, and synaptic integration of neurons. Despite complete sequence information in multiple species, our knowledge about ion channel function in central neurons remains incomplete. This study analyzes the potassium currents of an identified Drosophila flight motoneuron, MN5, in situ. MN5 exhibits four different potassium currents, two fast-a...

The development of trunk shaker machines over the years has been based on test-error methods in field. Mathematical or computational models have studied with great simplifications. This paper presents a method for modelling dynamic behaviour test bench. Two mass configurations were used bench as well two different vibration frequencies shaker. Acceleration values recorded at points system. bino...

We studied the possibility of the high brightness operation of the NewSUBARU electron storage ring without lattice modification. By turning-off the RF shaker that is used to enlarge the vertical size and the lifetime of stored electron beams, the brightness can be improved 2.7 times assuming that the stored current is the same. As the lifetime decreases, the top-up current is also reduced due t...

In the year 1922, Chamchamal was turn from a village to district, and it affiliated with Kirkuk governorate until (1947), no newspaper issued during that period. The first be in history of this district. issue two months after initiation mayor "Shaker Fattah" on July 1, 1946, last August 12, 1946. sense, weekly newspaper, (1991) issued, total number “Shaker Fattah” (7), which hung city park rea...