We have developed a soft-material elastic modulus and shear modulus sensor using piezoelectric cantilevers. A piezoelectric cantilever is consisted of a highly piezoelectric layer, e.g., lead– zirconate–titanate bonded to a nonpiezoelectric layer, e.g., stainless steel. Applying an electric field in the thickness direction causes a piezoelectric cantilever to bend, generating an axial displacem...

We use the Airy stress function to derive exact solutions for plane strain deformations of a functionally graded (FG) hollow cylinder with the inner and the outer surfaces subjected to different boundary conditions, and the cylinder composed of an isotropic and incompressible linear elastic material. For the shear modulus given by either a power law or an exponential function of the radius r, w...

In this paper we give lower bounds for the spatial decay of the solutions for anti-plane shear deformations in the case of isotropic inhomogeneous elastic materials. We first consider the case when the shear modulus only depends on the lateral direction. By means of the logarithmic convexity arguments we obtain the required estimates. Some pictures illustrate our results. Last section studies t...

Shear modulus of a body-centered cubic Coulomb crystal of ions is calculated by thermodynamic perturbation theory taking into account ion motion. Classic and quantum regimes of ion motion are considered. The calculations in the classic range of high temperatures agree well with previous Monte Carlo simulations. In this case, the shear modulus is given by a sum of a positive contribution due to ...

There are strong medical motivations to measure changes in material properties of tubular organs, in vivo and in vitro. The current approach estimates hoop stress from intraluminal pressure using the Laplace law and identifies 'elastic modulus' as the slope of a curve fitted hoop stress plotted against strain data. We show that this procedure is fundamentally flawed because muscle and other sof...