One of a feasible and efficient method to retrofit structures is spraying shotcrete which is widely applied around the world. Shotcrete is concrete with fine aggregates which are sprayed through a hose and by air pressure coat at high velocity onto a surface. In the current research, three masonry schools from different regions of Iran are selected. The retrofitted wall surfaces have been prepa...

Combined with specific engineering examples, the spatial disturbance influence characteristics and laws of surrounding rock stress in staggered roadways are analyzed by numerical simulation. This paper concludes that (1) compared pressure behavior general roadway, stability roadway is relatively poor, showing local serious behavior, such as intensified destruction side, failure fracture penetra...