Clinical profiles of dementia patients, differing with respect to age, presence of gait abnormalities and urinary incontinence are discussed. Epidemiological data, subjective probabilities and clinical reasoning are used to predict a treatable cerebral lesion, i.e., an intracranial space occupying lesion or normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Our calculations help in distinguishing clinically ...

LEVY, MATTHEW N. AND ELIAS S. IMPERIAL. Oxygen shunting in renal cortical and medullary cajGzrie.s. Am. J. Physiol. 200(l) : 159-162. 1961. -The existence of shunting of oxygen from arterial to venous segments of the renal capillary bed was ascertained from densitometer tracings of renal venous blood after the injection into the renal artery of blood of high oxygen tension and containing optica...

Seventeen patients with Dandy-Walker malformation were treated between 1985 and 2006. Hydrocephalus was present in 88% of patients at time of diagnosis. Cystoperitoneal and ventriculoperitoneal shunting were performed as primary modality of treatment in 2 and 13 cases respectively. Nine of them later required an additional shunting through a Y montage. Combined ventriculocystoperitoneal shuntin...

LEVY, MATTHEW N. AND ELIAS S. IMPERIAL. Oxygen shunting in renal cortical and medullary cajGzrie.s. Am. J. Physiol. 200(l) : 159-162. 1961. -The existence of shunting of oxygen from arterial to venous segments of the renal capillary bed was ascertained from densitometer tracings of renal venous blood after the injection into the renal artery of blood of high oxygen tension and containing optica...

We consider the Train Unit Shunting Problem, an important planning problem for passenger railway operators. This problem entails assigning physical train units to scheduled train services in such a way that the resulting shunting yard operations are feasible. As such, it arises at every shunting yard in the railway network and involves matching train units to arriving and departing train servic...

Shunting inhibition, a conductance increase with a reversal potential close to the resting potential of the cell, has been shown to have a divisive effect on subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. It has therefore been assumed to have the same divisive effect on firing rates. We show that shunting inhibition actually has a subtractive effect on the firing rate in most circum...

A contrast echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections for the detection and localization of intracardiac right-to-left shunting is described. Fifty children underwent cardiac catheterization and peripheral contrast echocardiographic studies. The site, degree, and direction of shunting were established at catheterization by oximetry, indicator dilution analysis and/or angiograp...

Hypoxia is a well-recognized consequence of venous admixture resulting from right to left intracardiac shunting. Right to left shunting is usually associated with high pulmonary artery pressure or alteration in the direction of blood flow due to an anatomical abnormality of the thorax. Surgical or percutaneous closure remains controversial; however it is performed frequently for patients presen...

REPLY: We thank Evans and coworkers for their attention to our work, which is inspired by their studies on oxygen transport dynamics (2, 3, 6). In their letter (1), Evans et al. bring forth two main points of criticism of our article (8): first, that there should be diffusive oxygen shunting between arteries and veins in the renal cortex, and, second, that wrapping of veins around arteries may ...