BACKGROUND Tobacco use is responsible for 5.4 million deaths every year worldwide and is a leading cause of preventable death. The burden of these deaths is rapidly shifting to low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. Brazil has prohibited most forms of tobacco advertising; however, the cigarette pack remains a primary source of marketing. The current study examined how tobacco packagin...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore in-depth the response of young women smokers (18-35 years) to using dark brown 'plain' cigarette packs in naturalistic settings. METHODS Participants were recruited in six towns and cities in Scotland to take part in a naturalistic study, where they used plain cigarette packs for a week. Participants completed a number of questionnaires during t...

INTRODUCTION Tobacco companies vary pack colours, designs, descriptors, flavours and brand names on cigarette packs to target a multitude of consumers. These different brand variants can falsely imply that some brand variants are less harmful than others. Uruguay is the only country that requires cigarette companies to adhere to a single presentation (one brand variant) per brand family. METH...

the aim of this study was to determine and scrutiny about chemical compounds and microbial load changes of broiler chicks’ diet due to gamma irradiation processing. there were 12 broiler chicks’ diets weighting one kg that including 4 packs from starter period, 4 packs from grower period and 4 packs from finisher period. feeds were irradiated in four doses including 0, 6.7, 7.7 and 8.7 kilogray...

The Si-coated SiC (Si-SiC) composite nanoparticle was prepared by non-transferred arc thermal plasma processing of solid-state synthesized SiC powder and was used as a sintering additive for SiC ceramic formation. Sintered SiC pellet was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, and the effect of nano-sized Si-SiC composite particles on the sintering behavior of micron-sized SiC powder ...

This study is an attempt to investigate the mechanical behavior of proppant packs deforming under compression loading. A generalized confined compression test (CCT) was simulated in the present study to investigate the deformation of walnut/ceramic proppants against compression. In this way, the CCT was simulated using ABAQUS explicit code. Unlike ordinary CCT, we obtained permeability of compr...

The Tobacco Products Directive allows the possibility of strategic placement of health warnings on cigarette packs by manufacturers to reduce overall warning effectiveness. Information regarding health warning effectiveness was assessed in an online survey, and the prevalence of warnings on cigarette packs was assessed in a shop survey. Although we find no evidence of a strong correlation betwe...

Current advancement in electronic devices is so rapid that silicon, the semiconductor material most widely used today, needs to be replaced in some of the fields. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide band gap semiconductor satisfying requirements to replace silicon in devices operating at high power and high frequency at elevated temperature, and in harsh environments. Hexagonal polytypes of SiC, su...

in the present study we focused on the electronic and structural properties of na and mg adsorption on the surface of the (6, 6) armchair sicnts. the adsorption energy (eads), band gap energy (eg), partial density of state (pdos), chemical potential (μ), global hardness (η), electrophilicity index (ω), global softness (s), work function values (φ) and work function change (δφ) are calculated by...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of cases with malaria are two important components of malaria control strategy. The independent assessment of the operational feasibility of rapid diagnostic kits and blister packs for malaria in some selected high transmission areas of Orissa and Chhattisgarh was done with the objectives to assess the knowledge and skills of the param...