The terms ‘sign’ and ‘symptom’ have proven difficult to define and represent in a biomedical ontology. Medical professionals use ‘sign’ and ‘symptom’ to refer to medically relevant information about patients; however, they do not agree on the definitions. In particular, while medical professionals agree that there is an important distinction between signs and symptoms, they do not agree on the ...

PURPOSE To assess the effectiveness of the upper eyelid double motion sign in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) in detecting thyroid dysfunction or a positive level of thyroid-related autoantibodies. METHODS GO was defined when more than two GO-related eyelid symptoms, including the double motion sign, existed with at least one positive thyroid-related blood test. Blood tests were performed in patient...

introduction: there are some evidences that the matricaria recutita extract has sedative effects and relieves symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome. symptoms of this syndrome are due to increased expression of fos transcription factor in brain. in this study the effect of chronic hydro alcoholic extract (30 mg/kg) of matricaria recutita on jumping behavior and expression of fos transcription...

Background: A schwannoma is a benign peripheral nerve tumor. Predicting the involvement of a nerve on symptoms or MR findings is crucial to the diagnostic process. Purpose: To compare symptoms, MR findings, and histological findings between major nerve schwannomas and intramuscular schwannomas. Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients with 36 schwannomas (29 major nerve schwannomas and 7 intr...

BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the prevalence of constipation in PD patients varies among different studies. We designed this study to survey the prevalence and clinical characteristics of subjective constipation and the appearance chronology between the emergence of constipation and onset of motor symptoms in PD pati...

Other symptoms that may also present are malodorous and cloudy urine, rigors, pyrexia (fever), nausea and an acute confusional state (Mahaffey, 2006). The presence of bacteria in the urine, also referred to as bacteriuria, can often lead to inappropriate antibiotic treatment — bacteriuria alone is rarely an indication for antibiotic treatment (SIGN, 2012). The diagnosis of UTI should be primari...

Prolonged use of conventional stereo displays causes viewer discomfort and fatigue because of the vergence-accommodation conflict. We used a novel volumetric display to examine how viewing distance and the sign of the vergence-accommodation conflict affect discomfort and fatigue. In the first experiment, we presented a fixed conflict at short, medium, and long viewing distances. We compared sub...

welding is one of the key components of numerous manufacturing industries, which has potential physical and chemical health hazards. many components of welding fumes can potentially affect the lung function. this study investigates the effects of welding fumes on lung function and respiratory symptoms among welders of an automobile manufacturing plant in iran. this historical cohort study asses...

A 74-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented at the Emergency Department with hypertension. A chest X-ray was obtained, revealing a hepato-diaphragmatic interposition of an intestinal loop, known as Chilaiditi’s sign (Fig. 1). The patient did not describe any gastrointestinal symptoms and the clinical examination only revealed mild hypertension. Chilaiditi’s sign was f...