A metapopulation model describing cholera transmission between two communities linked migration was developed and analysed. Disease threshold ratios specific to communities were determined as well as the disease equilibrium points in presence and absence of migration. Sensitivity analysis of the disease thresholds to model parameters was performed using the Latin hypercube sampling scheme to de...

very often additional noise of arbitrary distribution type can be observed. Therefore, for the purpose of predicting the output response probability of acoustic system with an arbitrary stochastic input in the presence of the additional noise, it is necessary to find some new stochastic signal processing method reflecting the effect of the above additional noise fluctuation. In this paper, firs...

Many regulatory molecules are present in low copy numbers per cell so that significant random fluctuations emerge spontaneously. Because cell viability depends on precise regulation of key events, such signal noise has been thought to impose a threat that cells must carefully eliminate. However, the precision of control is also greatly affected by the regulatory mechanisms' capacity for sensiti...

When interpreting GNSS observations of ionospheric scintillation, it is instructive to distinguish between the separate goals of characterizing the GNSS signal fluctuations and characterizing the disturbed ionospheric medium that produces the scintillations. The statistics of GNSS signal fluctuations are of primary interest for GNSS tracking loop analysis and design studies intended to quantify...

INTRODUCTION Synchronized low-frequency fluctuations in the resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) signal have been suggested to be associated with functional connectivity in brain networks (1). However, the underlying mechanism of this connectivity is still poorly understood. To better interpret the resting signal, we examined spontaneous fluctuations at the level of cerebral metabolic rate of ox...

Scintillations of a Ku-band satellite signal are observed in association with rain attenuation at Kolkata, India. The wavelet analysis of signal fluctuations, due to simultaneous occurrence of scintillations and attenuation, reveals the relative impact of different scales of refractivity structures on the signal at different instants of time. A positive relationship exists between the peaks in ...

F unctional MRI (fMRI) indirectly measures changes in neuronal activity because the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is sensitive to changing concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (vs. deoxyhemoglobin) to support functional energy demand (1). Changes in the BOLD signal are usually interpreted from an unspecified baseline state (2). However, there is no true baseline because the brain i...

An alternative method for locking a second-harmonic generation (SHG) cavity on resonance is described and implemented. The usual method, Pound-Drever-Hall locking, is prone to long-term power fluctuations from power variations in the incident laser. When using the second harmonic field for squeezing, these power fluctuations need to be stabilized with an additional control loop (usually a Mach-...

Functional connectivity measures based upon low-frequency blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) signal fluctuations have become a widely used tool for investigating spontaneous brain activity in humans. Still unknown, however, is the precise relationship between neural activity, the hemodynamic response and fluctuations in the MRI signal. Recent wor...

Abstract. Event-by-event fluctuations of mean pT and net charge in 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c Pb+Au collisions are presented. The observed dynamical mean pT fluctuations in central events of about 1 % are very similar to results from RHIC. The centrality dependence of mean pT fluctuations at 158 AGeV/c shows a peculiar nonmonotonic pattern with respect to the extrapolation from the fluctuations mea...