Shepard has supposed that the mind is stocked with innate knowledge of the world and that this knowledge figures prominently in the way we see the world. According to him, this internal knowledge is the legacy of a process of internalization; a process of natural selection over the evolutionary history of the species. Shepard has developed his proposal most fully in his analysis of the relation...

caudal regression syndrome (caudal dysplasia sequence) is a rare congenital malformation. it has a spectrum ranging from simple anal atresia to the absence of sacral, lumbar and possibly lower thoracic vertebrae and the most severe form called sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome). sirenomelia has a sole characteristic, which is the limbs fusion, with multiple internal structural abnormalities particu...

A twenty two year old primigravida, at thirty four weeks gestation delivered a 1.7 kg baby by emergency lower segment cesarean section. Cesarean section was done in view of severe intrauterine growth retardation and severe oligohydramnios. There was no history of diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes in the mother, no history of any chronic medical illness, any drug intake or consanguinity ...

Syrenomelia sequence is a rare (incidence of 1: 60000 births) [1,2] lethal pattern of congenital anomalies characterized by a number of hallmark skeletal anomalies including fusion of the lower extremities or a single lower limb, bilateral renal agenesis or dysgenesis with absent or hypoplastic renal arteries, oligohydramnios and the presence of aberrant vasculature. Prenatal sonographic detect...