BACKGROUND For a full understanding of the mechanical properties of a material, it is essential to understand the defect structures and associated properties and microhardness indentation is a technique that can aid this understanding. RESULTS The Vickers hardness on (010), {011} and {110} faces lay in the range of 304-363 MPa. The Knoop Hardnesses on the same faces lay in the range 314-482 M...

Survey spectra of single-crystal HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) were acquired in the region from 10 to 80 cm(-1) using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The spectra were taken at temperatures ranging from 8.4 to 300 K. Generally, the spectra show multiple absorption peaks in the ran...

The extent of damage that is developed during the production, transportation, storage, and handling propellants after a low-velocity impact an important factor in evaluating dangerous threat such as deflagration-to-detonation transition. In this paper, friability test was performed to evaluate critical ignition velocity ( CIIV), fragmentation degree, potential reaction violence four 3, 3-Bis(az...

The present study was aimed at providing data to be used at predicting exposure-based effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) aged in soil on endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. These data can be used to define criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. Long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate sublethal toxicity a...

Reductive (pre)treatment with elemental iron is a potentially useful method for degrading nitramine explosives in water and soil. In the present study, we examined the kinetics, products, and mechanisms of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) degradation with elemental iron. Both RDX and HMX were transformed with iron to formal...

The Hmx homeobox gene family is of ancient origin, being present in species as diverse as Drosophila, sea urchin and mammals. The three members of the murine Hmx family, designated Hmx1, Hmx2 and Hmx3, are expressed in tissues that suggest a common functional role in sensory organ development and pregnancy. Hmx3 is one of the earliest markers for vestibular inner ear development during embryoge...

The performance of density functional theories (DFT) in predicting structural parameters for six conventional energetic materials (EM) over various degrees of compression was examined for a wide range of pressures. The systems studied were nitromethane, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), 2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (CL-20), 2...

Abstract In order to reveal the interaction law of high active aluminum powder with RDX and HMX mixture, thermal decomposition behavior highly Al its typical nitramine explosive were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), thermo-mass spectrometry (TG-DTG-DSC-MS) CO 2 laser ignition technology. Results show that when nanometer respectively, two mixing action i...

Abstract Using the thermodynamic equilibrium constant method and JWL-Miller equation of state, based on calculation parameters such as composition, pressure, explosion temperature detonation products aluminized explosives in Magnetocumulative generator, Saha ionization equation, gas conductivity model are used to write Matlab code calculate electron density magnetic flux compression generator. ...