The article discusses a Cold War counterintelligence operation conducted by Polish and Soviet secret services against the Stepan Bandera Faction of the Ukrainian Nationalists Organization between 1959 and 1961. It emphasizes the methods implemented and used by communist security services, including signals intelligence, as well as the mistakes committed by the Ukrainian party. The article also ...

This paper derives conditions under which the standard decomposition of unconditional expected utility into marginal probabilities and conditional expected utilities generalizes to Cumulative Prospect Theory. The results are relevant for empirical analyses in which marginal probabilities are used as explanatory variables.

We develop a framework based on Bayesian model averaging to explain how animals cope with uncertainty about contingencies in classical conditioning experiments. Traditional accounts of conditioning fit parameters within a fixed generative model of reinforcer delivery; uncertainty over the model structure is not considered. We apply the theory to explain the puzzling relationship between second-...

current theories of organizational learning tend to concentrate on the mental states of organization members. Knowledge management is a good example in case. In this article a number of objections are raised against this emphasis on mental variables, elaborated in a critical analysis of the concept of knowledge management. As an alternative, a behavioral theory of organizational learning is pre...

The neural structures involved in ongoing appetitive and/or observational learning behaviors remain largely unknown. Operant conditioning and observational learning were evoked and recorded in a modified Skinner box provided with an on-line video recording system. Mice improved their acquisition of a simple operant conditioning task by observational learning. Electrical stimulation of the obser...

Since the late 1980s there has been tremendous progress in the nonpharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapies, which reflect a recent integration of the cognitive theories and methods associated with Aaron Beck, Albert Ellis, and David Clark, and the behavioral theories and methods of B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov, currently have the greatest degree of empirica...

We present an interpretation of Dempster-Shafer theory based on the probability of provability. We present two forms of revision (conditioning) that lead to the geometrical rule of conditioning and to Dempster rule of conditioning, respectively.