background: the metabolically active tumor cells may be characterized by a pronounced adenosine release that regulates the growth and development of the tumor. consequently, the expression pattern of defined receptor subtypes will be an important determinant for specific effects of adenosine on the control of tumor cell growth. in recent studies, the expression profile, signal transduction, mol...

Immuno-oncology marked a therapeutic revolution in the treatment of cancer. Thanks to new strategy that aims awaken immune system fight cancer cells, there has been change clinical course advanced Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed evaluate efficacy nivolumab monotherapy patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung beyond second line. The results showed progression-free sur...

Background: Apelin has recently been considered as an adipokine secreted from visceral fat. Apelin and itsreceptor exist in many tissues including lung and play significant roles in many physiological andpathological activities. However, serum level of apelin-12 is unknown in smokers and in various types of lungmalignancies. There...

background: opticin, as a member of small leucine rich proteoglycans (slrps), mainly expressed in human eyes. it is also expressed in human brain, ligament, liver and skin, but at lower levels than the eyes. in the present study, expression of opticin was studied in a variety of human cancer cell lines. materials and methods: in this basic study, human cancer cell lines including, a-172 (brain ...

Cancer is now a global concern, and control of the function of cancer cells is recognized as an important challenge. Although many aggressive chemical and radiation methods are in practice to eliminate cancer cells, most imply severe adverse toxic effects on patients. Taking advantage of natural physical differences between cancer and normal cells might benefit the patient with more specific cy...

Cancer is now a global concern, and control of the function of cancer cells is recognized as an important challenge. Although many aggressive chemical and radiation methods are in practice to eliminate cancer cells, most imply severe adverse toxic effects on patients. Taking advantage of natural physical differences between cancer and normal cells might benefit the patient with more specific cy...

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, as 2.1 million people were diagnosed with disease and 1.8 passed away from lung worldwide in 2018.[1] The condition split into two sections: Small Cell Cancer (SCLC) Non-Small (NSCLC). In this research paper, I discuss key aspects NSCLC, including risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, epidemiology. Last...

Updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) 2021 include recommendations biomarker testing in all appropriate patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer, including squamous cell cancer. When a targetable genetic alteration is detected, recommend treatment first-line therapy targeted that alteration. The guidelines contain new information on use of adjuvant osim...

The management of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) evolved rapidly through the 1980s, but has stalled since then. The relative roles of surgery and radiotherapy in this former systemic disease have been worked out well. The chemotherapy of SCLC has progressed less rapidly. This article discusses the latest developments in each modality of treatment of SCLC and summarizes current treatment strategies.