Copper smelting slags are hard materials. Therefore,to recover their copper by flotation method, grinding should be carried out to obtain optimal particle size. Copper smelting slags in the Bardeskan district, with work index of 16.24 kwh/st, were grinded for 65 minutes to reach an acceptable degree of freedom for the flotation tests, with particle size of 80%, smaller than 70 μm. With this gri...

A common feature shared by all pyrometallurgical smelting processes is the production of slag. Slag is usually a byproduct of metal production, although there are processes (such as ilmenite smelting, for example) where the slag is the principal product. Most slags contain a significant amount of heavy metals, the release of which can cause environmental problems. However, the recovery of these...

Imperial Smelting Process (ISP) is one of the main methods for Zinc and Lead smelting. Its operating conditions change very frequently due to the changes of work points, which always lead to false alarms. We focus on this issue and present a recursive Dynamic PCA (RPCA) based monitoring scheme for ISP to adapt process changes. We present a simplified RPCA algorithm based on first-order perturba...

Subjects working in or living near informal gold mining and processing in southern Peru were studied to determine mercury exposures from two tasks: amalgamation and amalgam smelting. The authors collected 17 airborne and 41 urinary mercury levels. The mean urinary levels were 728 (range: 321-1662) and 113 (45-197) microg/L for working in smelters and living near smelters, respectively. A third ...

Concentrations of copper, arsenic and cadmium in sediments and soils deposited on the flood plain of the upper Clark Fork River drainage were determined to be one to two orders of magnitude greater than in soils from typical noncontaminated systems. Aerial deposition of metal particulates during the period of smelting activities (1884-1980) has contributed approximately 2% of the excess copper,...

The practice of manganese ferroalloy smelting has traditionally been based on utilising oxide ores which typically contain a high level of manganese. This preference for oxides has even been extended to the modification of natural carbonates into nodulized oxides. However smelting practices developed over the past 30 years have created a market for natural manganese carbonate ores, driven in pa...