INTRODUCTION Several factors have been shown to influence cigarette smoking and are important in creating measures for tobacco control. The aim of this study is to identify the factors responsible for making decisions to start or stop cigarette smoking among students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which sampled 280 youths in tertiary institutions using multi-stage sampling techniqu...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased in most countries. This study aims to determine the relation between the frequency of e-cigarette use and the frequency and intensity of cigarette smoking. Additionally, the study evaluates the association between the reasons for e-cigarette use and the frequency of its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Us...

The modest effect of cigarette smoking on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) requires a study with a large number of subjects to definitively answer the question of whether smoking is causally related to RCC. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles, California that involved 1204 RCC patients and an equal number of neighborhood controls who were matched to the index cases by s...

Objective: This study set out to investigate the relationship between molecular-genetic mechanisms that modulate cytokine in infants whose parents expose them to cigarette smoke and those that do not expose their infants to cigarette smoke with the possible effects on the severity of pneumonia at presentation to hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study recruited infants and parents from a ...

The modest effect of cigarette smoking on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) requires a study with a large number of subjects to definitively answer the question of whether smoking is causally related to RCC. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles, California that involved 1204 RCC patients and an equal number of neighborhood controls who were matched to the index cases by s...

A nonrandom sampIe of 2972 Kuwaitis answered a questionnaire about smoking behaviour and beliefs. More than one-third (35%) were nonsmokers, 45% smoked only the waterpipe, 12% only cigarettes and 8% both waterpipe and cigarettes. Compared with cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers were more likely to be female and to be unskilled manual workers than professionals or students. Waterpipe smokers s...

Birds are known to respond to nest-dwelling parasites by altering behaviours. Some bird species, for example, bring fresh plants to the nest, which contain volatile compounds that repel parasites. There is evidence that some birds living in cities incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, but the effect (if any) of this behaviour remains unclear. Butts from smoked cigarettes retain substant...

OBJECTIVE Assessment of the subjective and physiological effects of smoking cigarettes with different machine-smoked nicotine yields. METHODS Eight volunteers rated the characteristics of cigarettes with varying levels of nicotine (Quest®). At 30 minute intervals, participants smoked one of three different Quest® brand cigarettes in a counterbalanced order (reported machine-smoked nicotine yi...

Sufficient variation exists in how people smoke each cigarette that the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the years of smoking represent only crude measures of exposure to the toxins in tobacco smoke. Previous research has shown that spent cigarette filters can provide information about how individuals smoke cigarettes. Digital image analysis has been used to identify filter vent blocking a...

Cigarette-derived toxic substances are inhaled along with the nicotine that is absorbed to satisfy the smoker's physical demand. Therefore, serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, may be considered to be an indirect marker of absorption of the other toxic substances from smoking. However, few studies have examined factors related to serum cotinine concentrations in natural settings. The autho...